What Is Tetrachloroethane?
Tetrachloroethane, an organic compound with the molecular formula C2H2Cl4, is also known as 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroacetylene, or acetylene tetrachloride. It is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid at room temperature, with a peculiar and phenolic odor. It has a molecular weight of 167.85, a melting point of -47°F (-44°C), a boiling point of 296°F (146.5°C), and a density of 1.59 g/mL. It is slightly soluble in water but miscible with organic solvents like acetone, benzene, ethanol, and ether.
Uses of Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethane is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is also found in the byproducts of vinyl chloride, allyl chloride, and epichlorohydrin. Formerly used as a solvent for cleaning, metal degreasing, paint stripping, and as an extraction solvent, its uses have diminished due to suggested carcinogenicity.
Principles of Tetrachloroethane
1. Synthesis:
It can be synthesized by reacting acetylene with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst, through chlorination and oxychlorination of ethylene, or chlorination of ethane and 1,2-dichloroethane.
2. Chemical Properties:
Tetrachloroethane decomposes under heat, air, ultraviolet light, and moisture, forming products like trichloroethylene, phosgene, and hydrochloric acid. It reacts vigorously with alkali metals and strong bases. Although nonflammable, it emits toxic gases when heated.
3. Safety:
It is toxic, causing skin and eye irritation, and potential damage to the central nervous system, liver, and kidneys. Long-term exposure can lead to more severe health effects. Though its carcinogenicity is not conclusive, its use in industrial applications has decreased.
Types of Tetrachloroethane
Now rarely used industrially, tetrachloroethane is sold for research and development, typically in 500 mL glass bottles and stored at room temperature.