What Is Allopurinol?
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used in treating hyperuricemia and gout. By inhibiting uric acid production in the body, it improves hyperuricemia and prevents gout attacks.
Uses of Allopurinol
Allopurinol is primarily used as an antidepressant for hyperuricemia. It is typically taken orally at doses of 200 mg to 300 mg per day, divided into two to three doses. However, early stages of use may trigger gout attacks as uric acid crystals are expelled from the joints.
Common side effects include rash, itching, joint pain, anemia, abnormal liver function, anorexia, soft stools, diarrhea, fatigue, and hair loss. Since allopurinol is eliminated through the kidneys, dosage adjustments are necessary in cases of impaired kidney function.
Properties of Allopurinol
Allopurinol has the chemical formula C5H4N4O, a molecular weight of 136.112 g/mol, and is structurally related to hypoxanthine. It appears as a white crystalline powder, soluble in ammonia reagent but insoluble in water and ethanol. In the body, it is metabolized to oxypurinol, which has a longer half-life and contributes to the drug’s efficacy.
Other Information on Allopurinol
1. Clinical Reports on Allopurinol
Studies have shown that allopurinol may reduce cardiovascular events and improve kidney function. It has also been associated with regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in Type 2 diabetic patients. However, it has been implicated in cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
2. Related Compounds of Allopurinol
Hypoxanthine, a structural isomer of allopurinol, is a purine derivative found in nucleic acids. It is metabolized to inosinic acid via the salvage pathway, playing a role in nucleic acid synthesis.