月: 2024年1月

What Is a Tool Management System?

A Tool Management System is a system designed to effectively manage and track tools owned by organizations or companies.

It enables the tracking of detailed information such as tool types, storage locations, and the last date of use, helping prevent loss and unnecessary usage. It also proves beneficial in preventing theft and unauthorized usage.

Moreover, the system efficiently assesses the value of tools, providing an accurate understanding of asset value. It contributes to insurance coverage for tool assets and supports accounting processes.

Uses of Tool Management System

Tool Management Systems find applications in various industries and environments. The following are primary examples of use cases:

1. Construction Industry

In construction sites where numerous tools are utilized, a Tool Management System employs barcode scanners or RFID technology to track usage in real time. This allows for precise identification of tool locations, preventing losses. Real-time inventory tracking also helps in automatically ordering new tools as needed, preventing shortages during construction projects.

2. Manufacturing Industry

The manufacturing industry uses a variety of tools that need accurate tracking as assets. The Tool Management System allows real-time monitoring of asset locations and conditions, enhancing transparency in the manufacturing process. It also optimizes tool maintenance plans and reinforces preventive maintenance.

3. Warehousing and Logistics

In warehouses and logistics centers, it is crucial to accurately understand the condition of heavy machinery assets such as pallet jacks and forklifts. The Tool Management System records the location and usage history of these assets, facilitating proper maintenance planning. It also assists in optimizing the arrangement of tools and machinery, improving logistics efficiency.

4. Laboratories

Laboratories often use expensive experimental equipment and lab tools. Therefore, accurate tracking of these assets and managing them for each research project is essential. The Tool Management System allows monitoring usage patterns and managing reservations and maintenance conditions.

Principles of Tool Management System

A Tool Management System is a system designed to efficiently manage tools and equipment. It records information such as users, usage status, and maintenance history, allowing real-time updates.

The operational principle involves attaching barcode labels or RFID tags to assets like tools. By reading these, assets can be accurately identified, enabling precise tracking of tools.

Without a Tool Management System, situations may arise where the same tool is purchased despite already being available. Introducing a Tool Management System provides visibility on tool availability, leading to cost savings.

Some systems are designed to operate as mobile apps, allowing on-site workers to scan tools and update information. Products that can integrate with software such as order management systems also exist, enabling automation of the ordering process.

How to Choose a Tool Management System

Tool Management Systems vary significantly in functionality among manufacturers, necessitating caution during selection. Here are some factors to consider when choosing a Tool Management System:

1. Identification Method

Different methods exist for identifying tools, such as RFID or barcodes. Barcode scanning is a common and relatively low-cost method. However, RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) allows for contactless reading, providing higher accuracy and a broader reading range. The choice depends on factors like cost and requirements.

2. Operating System Compatibility

Check which operating systems the Tool Management System supports, such as Windows, iOS, or Android. Compatibility with the organization’s existing IT infrastructure is crucial for smooth integration.

3. Scalability

Ensure that the system can be customized to meet the organization’s needs. Products that allow a certain degree of in-house customization often offer better usability. Integration with systems like order management can contribute to data centralization and automation, enhancing efficiency.

4. User-Friendliness

Examine the system’s interface to ensure it is user-friendly. It should enable non-technical users to input information quickly and retrieve necessary data. Verify the support system of the issuing company to ensure effective utilization of the system.

What Is a Hyperspectral Camera?

A Hyperspectral Camera is an advanced device capable of capturing a broad range of wavelength light.

Using optical filters and spectrometers, it divides incident light into fine wavelength bands, enabling the recording of light intensity at each wavelength. It allows for more detailed analysis of the same scene compared to regular cameras, finding applications in various fields such as pollutant detection and food quality management.

Therefore, a Hyperspectral Camera can non-destructively evaluate the characteristics of substances. It plays a particularly crucial role in fields like medical diagnostics and food quality management, enabling the investigation of the internal conditions of tissues and food, and facilitating the assessment of quality and health.

Uses of Hyperspectral Camera

Hyperspectral Cameras are primarily employed in the following applications, utilizing detailed wavelength information.

1. Food Industry

They can acquire spectral information from food, enabling the evaluation of quality and components. For instance, it can non-destructively measure the sugar content and fat content of fruits and vegetables. It is also used to inspect ripeness and the progression of decay, contributing to the improvement of food preservation and distribution.

2. Medical

In the medical field, spectral information from blood and tissues is analyzed for disease diagnosis and evaluating treatment effectiveness. It also contributes to assessing the components and quality of medications, aiding pharmaceutical manufacturing and quality control.

3. Environmental Monitoring

In environmental monitoring, it can detect the absorption spectra of specific gases and pollutants in the atmosphere, enabling the monitoring of air pollution and identification of pollution sources. Additionally, it assists in observing the absorption and reflection of light in water in detail, helping evaluate changes in water quality and the health of underwater ecosystems. It is widely used in oceanography and water resource management.

4. Agriculture

In agriculture, recording the reflection spectrum of crops allows for assessing crop health and predicting harvest yields. This enables effective land management, optimizing yields. Early detection of diseases and pests also helps minimize crop losses.

Principles of Hyperspectral Camera

A Hyperspectral Camera works by finely dividing incident light into narrow wavelength bands, collecting spectral information of light at each wavelength.

Firstly, light is introduced to the camera’s sensor using mirrors and lenses. The incident light often includes wavelengths not only in the visible spectrum but also in the near-infrared and infrared regions. The collected light is dispersed into various wavelengths by a dispersive device, creating a series of wavelength bands containing spectral information.

The dispersed light is detected by the sensor of the Hyperspectral Camera. The sensor detects the intensity of light at each wavelength, converting it into electrical signals. This process allows for obtaining information on the intensity of light for each wavelength.

The collected data is processed using spectral analysis software. This displays the spectrum of light at each wavelength, enabling the identification of specific characteristics or patterns. Spectral analysis allows for extracting information such as the type of substance, concentration, or composition.

How to Choose a Hyperspectral Camera

When choosing a Hyperspectral Camera, several important factors need to be considered.

1. Detection Wavelength Range

The detection wavelength range refers to the range of wavelengths the camera can capture. A camera covering the entire visible spectrum is suitable for general applications, but specific applications may require targeting the infrared or ultraviolet wavelength ranges. Confirm the detection wavelength range and choose a camera that suits the application.

2. Wavelength Resolution

Wavelength resolution is the camera’s ability to distinguish adjacent wavelength bands. A camera with high wavelength resolution can collect detailed spectral information but may be more expensive. Depending on the application, choose a camera with the necessary wavelength resolution.

3. Frame Rate

The frame rate indicates how many frames of spectral data the camera can collect per second. A camera with a high frame rate is suitable for monitoring dynamic processes but is generally more expensive. Consider the required data acquisition speed and choose a camera accordingly.

4. Spatial Resolution

Spatial resolution indicates the size of the area the camera can capture at once. A camera with high spatial resolution can analyze small objects with high precision. Consider the required spatial resolution for the application when selecting a camera.

What Is a Clean Bag?

A Clean Bag, also known as a cleanroom bag, is a polyethylene bag manufactured in cleanroom environments to ensure high cleanliness.

These bags, commonly referred to as cleanroom bags, are suitable for packaging components and products in fields where cleanliness is crucial, such as the medical, food, and electronics industries, due to their low susceptibility to foreign particle adhesion.

Taking into account the considerations for raw materials, Clean Bags not only prevent external contamination but also protect against pollution from outgassing (gas components released from organic materials and packaging materials constituting the product), adhesives, and additives.

Uses of Clean Bag

Clean Bags are primarily used in fields where high cleanliness is required, including the medical, food, and electronics/precision equipment sectors.

1. Medical

In the medical field, Clean Bags are predominantly used for packaging pharmaceuticals (including raw materials) and medical instruments. They are employed to prevent the introduction and adhesion of foreign particles and impurities. Specific use cases include:

• Prevention of impurity contamination in raw materials
• Packaging for transport within pharmaceutical manufacturing processes
• Shipment packaging for pharmaceutical raw materials and intermediates
• Storage and shipment packaging for pharmaceutical formulations (capsules, tablets, powders)
• Shipment packaging for medical instruments (syringes, tubes, etc.)

2. Food

In the food sector, Clean Bags are utilized for general food packaging and packaging for the shipment of food additives.

3. Electronics and Precision Equipment

Precision equipment and semiconductor devices may experience a decrease in yield due to gas emissions (outgassing) from packaging materials and contamination from additives. In the electronics and precision equipment sector, Clean Bags are crucial to preventing such contamination and maintaining the cleanliness of components. Specific use cases include:

• Packaging of LCD and precision equipment components
• Packaging of semiconductor devices and semiconductor device components
• Packaging of substrates (silicon, glass wafers, etc.)
• Packaging of HDD components
• Packaging of high-performance resin
• Precision cleaning and packaging of transport equipment (chip trays, carrier cases, wipes, etc.) and parts after cleaning

Principles of Clean Bag

1. Manufacturing Process

Clean Bags are fundamentally manufactured in cleanrooms where cleanliness is strictly controlled. The cleanliness of cleanrooms is meticulously managed and defined by ISO standards. Clean Bags are typically produced in cleanrooms with a cleanliness level of approximately ISO class 6 or class 7, equivalent to the cleanliness levels required in food factories, pharmaceutical factories, semiconductor factories, etc.

Regular tests, such as tests for falling microbes, airborne bacteria, and microbiological tests on products, are conducted. Workers wear dedicated dust-resistant work attire (cleanroom attire).

2. Components (Additives)

Regular low-density polyethylene bags contain additives to improve the manufacturing process, and these additives (such as BHT antioxidants, fatty acid-based lubricants, silica-based anti-blocking agents, etc.) may aggregate and powder on the inner and outer surfaces of the bag. This phenomenon, known as “breed-out,” poses a risk of additives adhering to or contaminating the products inside the bag.

Clean Bags are manufactured without such additives, preventing contamination from breed-out. Additionally, they are designed with consideration for preventing contamination from outgassing released by typical packaging materials, making them effective in preventing contamination from outgassing.

Types of Clean Bag

Clean Bags come in various shapes, including different thicknesses, widths, lengths, etc. Film structures range from single-layer films to 5-layer films, offering versatility for different applications. Colors include transparent, semi-transparent white, transparent blue, etc.

Especially when transporting electronic components, semiconductor-related components, etc., into clean environments (cleanrooms), double packaging is necessary. Double packaging involves repeating the process of product insertion, vacuuming, and sealing twice to hermetically seal the product inside. However, some products integrate the roles of the first and second bags to simplify packaging and opening procedures.

Moreover, some Clean Bags are equipped with functions such as anti-static and vacuum packaging. Anti-static bags are particularly suitable for packaging powders and precision equipment. There are standard cleanliness specifications, including the regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Drug Master File and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Depending on the application, it is essential to select products that meet these specifications.

What Is a Waterproof Servo?

A waterproof servo refers to a type of servo motor designed with waterproof specifications.

Products conforming to the full waterproof (IP67) standard are equipped with thorough dust and waterproof performance, enabling usage not only underwater but also in harsh environments such as contaminated water, oil, and spray painting.

Uses of Waterproof Servo

Waterproof servos, much like standard servo motors, can be applied in various industrial settings, including production lines, measurement devices, medical equipment, as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and radio-controlled models.

In industrial and commercial applications, even if submersion is not the primary use, waterproof servos are preferred as a precautionary measure in case of water exposure. Especially IP67-rated fully waterproof products exhibit high dust resistance, making them particularly effective in industrial applications where durability and environmental resilience are crucial.

Specific application examples include:

• Various industrial machinery
• Steering components in UAVs and UGVs
• Robots (industrial and research applications)
• Industrial unmanned vehicles such as helicopters, drones, and boats
• Outdoor facility unlocking mechanisms
• Production equipment

Another specific application of waterproof servos is in hobbyist settings, such as radio-controlled machines used in water environments like boats. They are widely used not only in clearly water-centric RC models like boats but also in various other applications. Examples of applications in electronics and RC include:

• RC boats of various scales (EP, GP)
• Seaplanes and RC airplanes of various scales
• RC cars of various scales (1/10, 1/8, 1/5, 1/4 on-road cars, off-road cars, giant-scale cars, EP cars, 1/10 GP cars)
• RC helicopters of various scales (30-90 class GP helicopters, 600 class EP helicopters, giant-scale helicopters)
• Robots and drones

Principles of Waterproof Servo

1. Operating Principles

Waterproof servos use various types of motors, including brushless motors, coreless motors, 3-pole corded motors, and 5-pole carbon brush motors, to efficiently generate torque. Additionally, they come equipped with encoders, similar to regular servo motors, allowing feedback on motor displacement to the control unit.

Brushless motors eliminate mechanical contact parts like commutators and brushes, with electronic circuits taking over the role of the commutator. DC motors rotate the rotor with the movement of magnetic fields in the stator, and the switching of current in the winding is controlled by position sensor detection, ensuring rotation at the appropriate timing.

Coreless motors lack an iron core in the rotor. With a permanent magnet inside and a cup-shaped coil encased in resin outside the magnet, the coil rotates according to Fleming’s left-hand rule when current flows through it. The rotating coil is referred to as the rotor.

2. Waterproof and Dustproof Features

The indices representing the waterproof and dustproof performance of electronic devices are referred to as the IP (Ingress Protection) rating, internationally defined by the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), and adopted domestically by JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards).

The IP rating is expressed with two digits, where the first digit signifies dust protection, and the second digit indicates water protection. If only one of the protective features is specified, the other is denoted by ‘X’ (e.g., IP6X).

An IP67-rated waterproof servo is completely waterproof, with the dust protection level indicated by the “6” being the highest in the standard. It is dust-resistant, except for parts requiring protection, such as connection terminals; dust does not penetrate the internal components. The waterproof level “7” denotes immersion protection, ensuring performance is maintained even when submerged in water under specified pressure and time conditions.

The external casing of waterproof servos comes in various types, including full metal cases, engineering plastics, and combinations of engineering plastics with metal, all designed with a waterproof structure to meet specified protection standards.

Types of Waterproof Servos

Waterproof servos differ in rated torque, peak torque, rotation speed, and speed based on internal motor types, such as brushless motors, coreless motors, 3-pole corded motors, and 5-pole carbon brush motors, as well as varying applicable voltages.

Controller units also exhibit differences among products, particularly in models equipped with a 32-bit MCU (Microcontroller Unit) and 12-bit ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), enabling high resolution and fast response.

Control signals can be transmitted using PWM or TTL (half-duplex communication) command methods in many products. Some products even offer the ability to customize the operational feel and functions through a dedicated programmer.

When utilizing waterproof servos, careful consideration of each feature and specification is essential to select the one that best suits the intended application.

What Is a CAD VR?

CAD VR is a fusion of 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) commonly used in architecture and manufacturing, and VR (Virtual Reality) technology. It allows data designed with 3D CAD software to be visualized in a stereoscopic manner within a VR environment.

3D CAD serves as a tool for designing three-dimensional industrial products and structures. Widely used across industries, it offers advantages such as more advanced simulation and analysis compared to 2D CAD. On the other hand, VR technology provides a means to create realistic experiences within virtual spaces. The combination of 3D CAD and VR enables the direct incorporation of design data into VR environments, allowing users to pseudo-experience the shapes and sizes of products and structures.

Uses of CAD VR

In the field of product design, discrepancies between the imagined and actual outcomes are common. Issues like “columns being thinner than expected” can be attributed to the limitations of designing on 2D displays. Even with 3D CAD design, there are constraints in verifying designs on 2D screens, making it challenging for experienced professionals to fully grasp the actual image.

This is where VR brings innovation. By utilizing VR, designed objects can be viewed in actual size in three dimensions, facilitating intuitive understanding. The ability to experience CAD models at the same scale as physical objects allows even those without specialized knowledge to easily comprehend shapes and sizes, significantly improving communication. With VR, individuals less skilled in detailed design can review design content as if they were on-site, enhancing their intuitive understanding of projects.

Especially for those without expertise in design, engineering, or architecture, VR has become a groundbreaking tool. It allows the perception of three-dimensional shapes and scales that are difficult to understand from 2D drawings or 3D models, providing a method to explore them as if physically walking through them. This deepens intuitive understanding of projects, making designs more widely accepted.

VR serves as a valuable tool across various fields, from design reviews to customer presentations and educational training. Elevate product development to the next level and achieve intuitive and precise design.

Types and Classifications of CAD VR

VR can be classified based on usage, functionality, and data processing methods. The classifications provided here are indicative of VR systems for the manufacturing industry, and the selection should be tailored to the company’s requirements and objectives.

1. Classification Based on Data Storage and Processing Methods

Local Version

VR content and software are installed directly on the user’s device (e.g., PC or VR headset) and run on that device. Since the user’s device processes the content directly, there is no network delay, and high real-time performance can be expected. Additionally, products with high confidentiality often use the local version.

Cloud Version

VR content and software run on servers in the cloud and the results are streamed to the user’s device. This requires the ability to receive and display streaming content. Factors such as internet bandwidth, latency, and the quality of cloud services may impact the quality of the VR experience. With the widespread adoption of 5G and advancements in edge computing, the quality of cloud-based VR experiences has improved, leading many companies and service providers to enter this field.

2. Classification Based on Purpose

Design Verification and Prototyping

Using VR for the confirmation and improvement of product design and prototypes.

Training and Education

Utilizing VR for training purposes, such as manufacturing process training and safety education.

Remote Collaboration

Using VR for simultaneous connections and collaborative work from multiple locations.

Product Presentation

Using VR for product introductions and demonstrations at exhibitions for customer-facing purposes.

3. Classification Based on Supported Devices

Standalone VR

Systems designed for VR devices that operate independently. These systems are portable and easy to set up anywhere without the need for external PCs or sensors. While convenient, the processing power is limited compared to high-performance PCs.

PC-Connected VR

Systems designed for VR devices that connect to high-performance PCs. This allows leveraging the capabilities of high-performance PCs for complex simulations and high-quality real-time rendering. However, the need for PC connectivity makes them less portable and more complex to set up.

4. Classification Based on Interactivity

Static VR

Basic VR is designed for simple 3D viewing purposes, similar to a 3D viewer.

Interactive VR

VR allows the simulation of product operations and the execution of tasks within virtual spaces. It enables experiencing mechanism simulations.

How to choose CAD VR

To effectively utilize 3D data within an organization, careful selection of VR systems is crucial. Starting on a small scale is recommended, with key considerations being accessibility for all users. Ease of use for everyone, at any time, is essential.

When choosing a VR system for the manufacturing industry, consider the following points:

1. Clarification of Purpose

Not all systems can meet every purpose. Whether it’s prototype evaluation, production line simulation, or training materials, selecting the most suitable VR system based on the specific purpose is crucial. Understand who will use it for what purpose and in what situations.

2. Budget

The cost of hardware and software used can significantly impact system selection. Considering the risk of obsolescence, especially with new hardware products being announced annually, set a budget initially and choose the most suitable system within that range. Don’t forget to include maintenance costs for the following years.

3. System Performance

The required performance of the VR system depends on the complexity and detail of simulations and designs in manufacturing. For scenarios demanding high real-time rendering and complex simulations, a high-performance PC-connected VR system is suitable.

4. User-Friendliness

Select a VR system that is user-friendly even for those without a technical background. Intuitive operability and support infrastructure are crucial points for system selection. Especially for VR, it’s essential to investigate whether users can intuitively reach their destinations, move as intended, and experience a sense similar to reality.

5. Expandability

Choosing a system that can adapt to future needs and technological advancements is vital for long-term investment. Systems that easily support software and hardware updates or introduce additional features later on are favorable.

6. Compatibility

Confirm the compatibility of existing CAD data and other software to efficiently build a VR environment. Checking compatibility with intermediate formats such as Parasolid and STEP is also necessary.

7. Security

As manufacturing data often involves high confidentiality, verifying the security features and privacy measures of the VR system is crucial. For highly confidential data, opting for the local version is recommended.

8. Support System

Consider the support system for software and hardware troubleshooting, support for updates, and training. For beginners, systems developed domestically with Japanese language support are recommended.

Other information on CAD VR

Manufacturing Industry and Game Engines

There is a significant correlation between VR systems for the manufacturing industry and game engines. While game engines are originally tools for game development, their advanced 3D rendering capabilities, physics engines, and scripting features are also utilized in VR system development.

In the development of VR applications for the manufacturing industry, game engines like Unity and Unreal Engine are commonly used. Using game engines facilitates the rapid development of VR applications, enabling easy creation of realistic representations and virtual spaces.

Realistic Representations:
The use of advanced physics simulations and high-quality 3D graphics allows the creation of realistic virtual environments. Extensive scripts and plugins can be utilized for customization tailored to specific applications. Significant utilization in major manufacturing industries has been observed in recent years.

VR/AR/MR/XR

In recent years, not only Virtual Reality (VR) but also Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and the overarching term Extended Reality (XR) have been actively utilized in the manufacturing industry. These technologies bring innovation to manufacturing processes, enhancing efficiency, quality, cost-effectiveness, and training reinforcement.

These evolving XR technologies are expected to drive further efficiency and innovation in the manufacturing industry. Leveraging these technologies allows for the establishment of flexible and smart production systems, enabling rapid adaptation to market changes. Moreover, they contribute to improving overall competitiveness in terms of product quality, cost reduction, and enhanced safety in the working environment throughout the manufacturing sector.

What Is a Data Analysis Tool?

A Data Analysis Tool is software designed to collect, organize, analyze, and visualize large sets of data.

Data analysis tools find applications across various fields such as business and academic research. These tools make it easy to understand data trends by providing visual representations. Leveraging the results of data analysis, they are employed for making business decisions and judgments, including policy formulation, issue identification, and the discovery and determination of improvement methods.

Additionally, one category of data analysis tools includes Business Intelligence tools (BI tools). BI tools specialize in collecting, analyzing, and visualizing data tailored to business processes, with the goal of facilitating decision-making and judgment in business.

Uses of Data Analysis Tool

Data analysis tools can analyze large and diverse datasets, making them applicable in various industries. In general business operations, analyzing extensive data allows for obtaining necessary information to aid in management. Specific use cases include:

• Business and financial analysis
• Sales analysis
• Human resources data analysis
• Budget management systems
• Data aggregation
• Automated report generation

Beyond business activities, data analysis tools are also utilized in initiatives like regional revitalization for policy decisions related to industrial and tourism promotion. Other specific use cases in various industries include:

1. Manufacturing Industry

In manufacturing, data analysis tools can analyze various data within a factory to enhance operational efficiency and productivity. Specific examples include:

• Real-time collection and analysis of data from sensors and cameras in the factory for understanding the operational status of production lines
• Predicting faults or issues from inspection data and utilizing it for equipment maintenance
• Analyzing inspection data for products to identify processes with high error rates

2. Retail Industry

In the retail industry, data accumulation includes sales records and various attributes. Analyzing this extensive data enables effective marketing strategies. Examples of data used in retail include:

• Sales data for products
• Customer attributes such as age and gender (obtained from membership information)
• Store location and catchment area
• Weather and temperature
• Data within an e-commerce site: customer behavior, banner click rates, abandoned carts, payment methods
• Social media mentions and posts related to the company

3. Agriculture

In agriculture, the increasing use of IoT allows for data collection and effective utilization of data analysis tools. Specific applications include collecting climate and soil data through sensors for planning cultivation and determining optimal inspection timings based on the operational status of agricultural machinery.

4. Other Industries

Data analysis tools are effectively used in various fields. Examples include:

• Healthcare and welfare: Analyzing medical information about patients, including imaging data (CT scans, X-rays) and prescription data
• Education: Analyzing data such as learning histories and exam results of children and students
• Food service industry: Analyzing customer attributes, visit dates, location, weather, sales for each menu item, and food ingredient waste
• Finance industry: Analyzing customer attribute data and transaction histories

Principles of Data Analysis Tool

1. Overview of Analysis

Data analysis tools collect and organize necessary data and extract information aligned with the objectives. The process of analysis involves:

1. Data Processing
   Transforming extensive data into a manageable form.
2. Data Extraction
   Selecting only the necessary parts from processed data.
3. Reporting
   Visualizing complex data through graphs, charts, and tables to create quick and accurate reports.

These processes make extensive data manageable and enhance the accuracy and understandability of reports, allowing for precise decision-making and judgment.

2. Analysis Techniques

Data analysis tools employ various analysis techniques based on different situations. Some of the primary analysis techniques include:

• Cross-tabulation
  Analyzing data by dividing it into categories such as age groups or responses to survey questions. This method is useful for understanding trends based on attributes.
• Cluster analysis
  Grouping similar data to analyze high similarities within the data. This is effective, especially for understanding customer preferences.
• Basket analysis
  Analyzing items that customers put together in their shopping baskets to reveal correlations between products or services. It is a type of association analysis.
• Regression analysis
  Examining the relationship between a numeric result and numeric factors to reveal the relationship.
• Decision tree analysis
  Iteratively predicting multiple results through repeated cross-tabulation of explanatory variables against the target variable.
• Principal component analysis
  Summarizing multiple data into a few data points (principal components). It simplifies data for better understanding.

Apart from these, other techniques include ABC analysis, which ranks items like products or sales, gray models for predicting ambiguous data from clear and unclear data, and factor analysis to explore common factors and causes in multiple variable data. These techniques are often used in combination.

How to Choose a Data Analysis Tool

The main focal points when choosing a data analysis tool are categorized into four aspects:

• Purpose of Implementation
• Content of Features
• Usability
• Cost and Support

1. Purpose of Implementation

To effectively utilize a data analysis tool, the purpose of implementation must be clear. The tool is a means to achieve business objectives and clarity on why data analysis is needed and what the business objectives are to prevent the tool implementation itself from becoming the primary goal.

During the tool selection stage, clearly understanding why data analysis is necessary and the business objectives it aims to achieve helps in defining the required features of the tool. This makes the tool selection process smoother and contributes to achieving the objectives smoothly after implementation.

2. Content of Features

When evaluating a tool’s features, it is essential to consider whether they align with the company’s industry, and business operations and whether they include the necessary features to achieve the company’s objectives. Additionally, checking compatibility with existing data and tools within the organization is crucial. Different data formats such as proprietary databases, PDFs, and Excel files (.xls, .xlsx) exist within companies, and compatibility with these formats is necessary to collect and analyze existing data.

3. Usability

Ease of use for end-users at the operational level is crucial when introducing a data analysis tool. While some tools are intuitive and easy to use, others may require programming skills or specialized knowledge. Selecting a product that aligns with the skills of the personnel is essential.

Trial versions of tools are available for testing, and trying out a trial is recommended.

4. Cost and Support

Data analysis tools come in both free and paid versions, each with different cost structures. It is necessary to carefully consider the return on investment and select a product within the budget that can be sustained continuously.

Support from the developer varies, and checking the level of support is essential. Some tools, especially those developed abroad, may not provide support in Japanese. Additionally, free tools may lack support channels for addressing questions or issues.

What Is a Demand Forecasting Tool?

A Demand Forecasting Tool is a tool that can predict the demand for services or products based on existing data.

The existing data considered in demand forecasting tools include not only past sales records but also various factors such as weather, seasons, economic conditions, trends in competitors, and others. By appropriately utilizing demand forecasting tools, it becomes possible to make rational decisions regarding production planning and sales strategies. Demand forecasting tools are not only essential for streamlining and optimizing current business operations but are also useful for tasks such as assessing new market entries, planning human resource acquisition and facility investments, and improving business processes, including facility investments and fundraising.

Uses of Demand Forecasting Tool

Demand forecasting tools are used in a wide range of industries. Specific examples of industries include:

• Retail and service industries
• Food and beverage
• Real estate
• Logistics
• Manufacturing (industrial, food, and other general manufacturing)
• Agricultural production
• Leisure
• Taxi industry
• Call centers

For example, in retail stores, forecasting sales can optimize inventory and personnel placement. In the food and beverage industry, predicting sales quantities for each time period can reduce food waste and ensure proper staffing.

The taxi industry uses demand forecasting to efficiently dispatch vehicles to locations with high demand, sales, and rider needs. Call centers use inbound call forecasts to optimize staffing. In manufacturing, it helps prevent overstock due to excess production or stockouts due to excessive demand.

Principles of Demand Forecasting Tool

1. Overview

A demand forecasting system calculates and predicts future demand using statistical algorithms based on a large amount of accumulated existing data. Recently, machine learning, particularly AI, which trains on data to construct predictive models, has become mainstream.

2. AI and Machine Learning

Machine learning is a technology that allows machines, specifically computers, to automatically learn from data, discovering rules and patterns behind the data. Demand forecasting systems that use AI can handle complex patterns and trends more accurately than other tools because they can process large amounts of data quickly.

However, this technology is based on the assumption that “patterns and trends that have occurred in the past are likely to continue in the future.” Therefore, it may be challenging to predict the impact of unpredictable, one-time events such as disasters.

3. Specific Statistical Methods

Examples of major statistical methods used in demand forecasting tools include:

• Arithmetic Mean Method
  A method that uses the average value directly from past performance data for demand forecasting.
• Moving Average Method
  A method that averages recent data with past performance data from the same period of the previous year to forecast demand.
• Weighted Moving Average Method
  A variation of the moving average method that assigns weights to specific data.
• Exponential Smoothing Method
  A method that calculates new forecast values based on past forecast values and actual data, particularly suitable for short-term forecasts.
• Regression Analysis Method
  A method that predicts future demand based on multiple variables with causal relationships. Appropriate for forecasting in complex situations.

Types of Demand Forecasting Tools

Demand forecasting tools, as mentioned earlier, are products used in various industries and purposes. Therefore, there are products specialized for specific purposes, such as retail sales forecasting and proper inventory management, as well as all-around products that cover a relatively broad range of fields. Additionally, some applications are linked to demand forecasting for automated ordering.

The purchasing model often involves monthly or annual subscription fees, with some products offering free trial periods. It is necessary to choose the most suitable tool based on its purpose and situation when using it.

What Is a Gantry Crane?

A Gantry Crane, also known as a bridge crane, is a crane in which the girder is supported by legs and travels along rails installed on the ground or elevated on a framework.

The alternative term for it is “gantry crane.” Unlike overhead cranes that travel along runways provided on both sides of the building walls, the structure of a Gantry Crane is significantly different.

Gantry Cranes are suitable for factories or outdoor environments where the building structure is weak, and loads cannot be placed on it. The crane is defined as a device that lifts and lowers loads (excluding manual labor) using power and horizontally transports them (may involve manual labor).

Gantry Cranes typically operate electrically for hoisting, lateral movement, and travel.

Uses of Gantry Crane

Gantry cranes are utilized in various settings, including manufacturing, warehouses, logistics, shipyards, and docks, for the following purposes:

• Transporting long and heavy materials like steel beams.
• Handling heavy loads.
• Moving containers.

Structure of Gantry Crane

A Gantry Crane features a bridge-like steel frame structure.

1. Girders

These are structures that support the hoist and trolley, also known as girders. To ensure strength for supporting its weight and minimizing deflection when subjected to a load, various girder shapes such as box girders, I-beam girders, and plate girders are used based on the span and load requirements.

2. Legs

Girder and leg attachments, known as rigid legs, are designed to withstand horizontal forces during operation, and since they are often installed outdoors, they are built rigidly to withstand wind and seismic forces. One leg called a fixed leg, is made more robust to resist horizontal forces during operation, while the other, which may be subject to deflection due to the load, is comparatively slender. This leg is often attached to the girder using a pin structure and is called a pivoting leg.

3. Saddle

The saddle of a Gantry Crane supports the girders and legs and houses the wheels needed for the crane to travel. Structurally, it often consists of a box-type structure where steel plates are joined with channels (U-shaped steel).

4. Trolley (Hoisting Device)

The hoisting device, mounted under the crane boom, is used for lifting and lowering loads. It typically has cables or wire ropes attached, allowing it to hoist suspended loads. The power source is commonly electric or hydraulic.

There are two main types of hoisting devices: hoist type and crab trolley type. The hoist type combines an electric motor, reduction gear, brake, and the drum of the hoisting section. Wire rope and chain types are available. The configuration includes top-running and under-hung styles.

The crab trolley type integrates the hoisting and lateral-travel mechanisms into a single unit, running on double rails. This type is mainly used for heavy loads and high-speed operations.

5. Rigging

Hooks and rigging devices are used to lift loads with a crane. Attached to the hoisting machine, they facilitate the lifting of loads. In many cases, the maximum load capacity of the crane is indicated on these components.

Various rigging devices are used based on the application, but hooks are commonly employed. Other types include bucket-type, magnet-type, etc.

In Gantry Cranes used in ports, container spreaders are employed to handle the loading and unloading of containers.

Types of Gantry Crane

Gantry Cranes come in various types, including:

1. Hoist-type gantry Crane

This type of Gantry Crane utilizes a hoist in the hoisting device. It is cost-effective as it allows the use of pre-manufactured hoists.

2. Crab Trolley-Type Gantry Crane

This Gantry Crane employs a crab trolley that includes both the hoisting and lateral travel mechanisms. It is chosen for larger cranes. While robust and easy to maintain, it is individually designed based on installation space and capacity requirements, making it more expensive than the hoist type.

What Is a Micro CT?

Micro CT is a technique that non-destructively generates three-dimensional internal images.

Conventional CT is commonly employed in fields such as medicine, primarily for observing the internal structures of large objects like humans. Micro CT, on the other hand, is used to visualize intricate structures of small objects, particularly solid and biological samples, in high resolution.

A significant feature of Micro CT is its ability to investigate internal structures without damaging the sample. It proves highly valuable for material quality assessment and the study of biological specimens. Moreover, it enables the collection of data in a relatively short time, facilitating the swift construction of images.

Uses of Micro CT

Micro CT finds applications in various fields. Here are some examples of its uses:

1. Materials Research

Due to its ability to investigate the internal structure of materials with very high resolution, Micro CT is widely utilized in materials research. It can detect features like crystal structures in metal alloys and tiny defects within materials. Additionally, it can investigate the distribution and orientation of fibers in composite materials like fiber-reinforced plastics, contributing to the enhancement of material performance.

2. Biomedical Sciences

Micro CT is employed in non-invasive anatomical studies of biological specimens. In the field of orthopedics, for instance, it is extensively used for researching internal bone structures, bone density, and bone metabolism. It is also used to investigate details of organs like the brain and heart in animal experiments, contributing to disease research.

3. Archival Preservation

In the preservation of cultural heritage and artworks, Micro CT is crucial for non-destructive analysis. It is used to protect valuable art pieces and historical objects. By examining the detailed internal structures of paintings and sculptures, aids in replication and restoration efforts.

4. Entomology

In entomological research, Micro CT proves highly useful. It is employed to study the exoskeleton and internal organs of insects, contributing to insect species identification, classification, and ecological studies.

Principles of Micro CT

Micro CT generates X-ray beams from a high-energy X-ray tube. The sample is mounted on a rotating stage that revolves 360 degrees, placing it in front of the X-ray beam. The X-ray beam emitted from the source passes through the sample, and the X-ray transmission rate is measured by a detector.

As the X-ray beam reaches the detector from various parts within the sample, the attenuation of each X-ray beam differs based on the variations in transmission rates. Since the sample is mounted on a rotating stage, it can rotate 360 degrees. Therefore, the X-ray beam is projected onto the sample from various angles, and X-ray transmission rate data is collected at each angle.

The X-ray transmission rate data at each angle is transmitted to the computer and stored. The computer software reconstructs the internal structure of the sample from the collected transmission rate data. This enables the visualization and analysis of the internal structure of the sample in three-dimensional data, allowing for detailed examination.

How to Choose Micro CT

Several essential factors need consideration when choosing a Micro CT. Here are some selection criteria:

1. Temporal Resolution

Temporal resolution refers to the time it takes for a Micro CT to scan a single sample and acquire image data. It is crucial for applications that require fast data acquisition.

Products with high temporal resolution enable rapid data acquisition, generating a series of images at short intervals. On the other hand, products with low temporal resolution take longer to scan, making them less suitable for observing dynamic samples.

2. Spatial Resolution

Spatial resolution in Micro CT images indicates how small each pixel can represent a physical size. High spatial resolution is vital for analyzing fine structures and intricate features. It depends on the performance of the X-ray source and detector. Using high-energy X-ray sources and high-performance detectors allows achieving high spatial resolution.

3. Sample Loading Weight

Sample loading weight is the maximum weight of samples that a Micro CT system can handle. The choice depends on factors such as sample size, shape, and density. If scanning large samples or high-density metal specimens is required, a product with a high sample loading weight is necessary.

What Is a Metal Powder?

Metal powder refers to products where metals are processed into a fine powder form.

Typically, metals are finely crushed or manufactured using specialized processes. Products of various metal types and particle sizes, such as aluminum and nickel, are available for sale.

By utilizing metal powder in applications like 3D printers, it becomes possible to manufacture parts with complex shapes and internal structures relatively easily. Its high design flexibility allows for the development of innovative products. Additionally, the ability to manufacture parts with high precision makes it advantageous for the production of intricate components and precision machinery.

Uses of Metal Powder

Metal powder finds applications in various industries and uses. The primary uses of metal powder include:

1. 3D Printing

When used as a material for 3D printing, metal powder allows for the creation of objects by layering them based on digital models. This enables the production of parts with complex shapes or structures. The ease of design modification significantly reduces the time and cost involved in prototyping.

2. Pyrotechnics

Metal powder is utilized to generate sparks as a special-effect material in pyrotechnics. It is widely used in fireworks to create beautiful colors and brilliance. The mixing of different metal powders allows for a diverse range of firework designs. Strontium produces red, barium produces green, and copper produces blue colors.

3. Alloy Manufacturing

Hard alloys, produced by mixing metal powder with non-metallic materials and compressing/sintering them at high temperatures, are special materials known for their extreme hardness and excellent wear resistance. They are extensively used in various industries, mainly for advanced cutting, machining, or molding applications.

4. Cosmetics

Some cosmetics incorporate metal powder. Metal powder is often used in cosmetics to provide gloss and shine, making it a mainstream material in the cosmetics industry. Eye shadows and lip glosses may contain metal powder.

Properties of Metal Powder

The manufacture of metal powder begins with the selection of a specific metal. Depending on the intended use of the metal powder, an appropriate metal material is chosen. Common metals include iron, aluminum, copper, and nickel.

To transform metal into a fine powder, grinding devices or mills are used. This process involves breaking down metal chunks into fine particles, creating a finely powdered substance. This step is crucial as it affects the particle size and distribution of the powder.

Through the above process, metal powder is manufactured while controlling the particle size. Adjusting the particle size allows for the tuning of material properties and workability.

Many metal powders use chemically stable materials. They often exhibit resistance to corrosion and oxidation, making them suitable for use in alloys. They are essential for manufacturing durable components and products.

Types of Metal Powder

Metal powder is manufactured from various metals, each possessing different characteristics.

1. Iron Powder

Iron powder is a product made by processing iron extracted from iron ore into a fine powder. It is known for its workability and toughness, making it suitable for many industrial products.

It is commonly used in the manufacture of steel. It is a prevalent material in construction and the automotive industry, serving as a mainstream material widely used in our surroundings. It is also used as a shielding layer to block electromagnetic waves, contributing to the production of electromagnetic interference mitigation products for electronic devices.

2. Aluminum Powder

This product is made by pulverizing aluminum metal into powder form. Notable for its lightweight and corrosion resistance, it is crucial in the aerospace industry, contributing to the structural components of aircraft due to its combination of lightness and strength.

Additionally, aluminum powder may be used to achieve lightweighting in automobiles. Its high corrosion resistance makes it suitable for outdoor construction materials.

3. Copper Powder

Copper powder is a product made by powderizing copper. Its high electrical conductivity is its most significant feature, and it is used in the manufacture of various electronic components and electrical conductors. It is used in the production of wiring, connectors, printed circuit boards, and more.

4. Nickel Powder

This product is made by powderizing metallic nickel. Known for its high corrosion resistance and magnetism, it finds widespread use.

It is particularly used in rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, enabling the production of high-capacity batteries. Additionally, it is used in the manufacturing of magnetic devices. It may also be used in metal coatings, enhancing corrosion resistance in paint.

5. Tungsten Powder

This product is made by powderizing tungsten. Its high melting point is a distinctive feature, advantageous in the production of high-temperature and high-strength products. It is widely used in cutting tools, drilling tools, and other applications.