月: 2023年3月

What Is a Cross Clamp?

A cross clamp is a device used in optical systems, such as those involving lasers, to securely hold a pole or rod at a specific angle. This allows for precise positioning of various optical elements within the system.

There are two main types of cross clamps: fixed and rotating. The fixed type adjusts the rod angle in a 90-degree direction, while the rotating type allows for adjustment to any desired angle. Both types employ the split-tightening method for robust fixation, clamping the rod from the periphery when inserted into the clamp.

Uses of Cross Clamps

Cross clamps are crucial in directing laser beams for material analysis and irradiation. They hold rods attached to optical elements, enabling easy adjustment of the optical path by altering the rods’ height and angle. This adjustability is particularly valuable in the manufacturing of optical instruments and academic research.

Principle of Cross Clamps

Clamps, in general, are tools for securing materials in various fields. In construction, they hold materials to tables, while in medicine, they function like clips to hold tubes. Cross clamps specifically serve to fix rods and poles crucial for positioning optical elements in optical instruments. These rods typically range in diameter from 12 mm to 20 mm.

Fixed and rotary cross clamps offer different levels of adjustability. The fixed type allows for right-angle positioning, whereas the rotary type offers multi-directional orientation, ideal for adjusting laser emission angles and material surfaces. Often made of aluminum, cross clamps are lightweight and include a through-hole for the rod, secured by an external screw in a split-tightening fashion.

What Is a Fine Thread Bolt?

Fine thread bolts, also known as micro screws, are characterized by their very small size, typically smaller than M2.6. They are often referred to as miniature screws, precision screws, or ultra-small screws, and are crucial for assembling small and precision devices such as mobile phones, watches, and medical equipment. The use of fine thread bolts allows for more compact device designs.

However, due to their small size, fine thread bolts require careful handling. Precision, dexterity, and concentration are necessary to avoid damage to parts and equipment during installation.

Applications of Fine Thread Bolts

Fine thread bolts are utilized in various fields where small size and precision are paramount. Here are some examples:

1. Electronic Equipment

In the electronics industry, fine thread bolts secure circuit boards and components within compact and complex device structures, such as smartphones and cameras.

2. Medical Equipment

For medical devices like endoscopes, artificial joints, and cardiac pacemakers, fine thread bolts are essential for ensuring precision assembly, reliable operation, and accurate imaging.

3. Optical Equipment

Optical instruments, including microscopes and telescopes, rely on fine thread bolts for the precise placement and adjustment of lenses and mirrors.

4. Clocks

Fine thread bolts are key in assembling clock mechanisms, ensuring accurate timekeeping by securing the arrangement of parts and gears.

Principles of Fine Thread Bolts

Fine thread bolts adhere to the basic principles of screw threading but are specifically designed for small size and fine detail. They consist of a rod with a spiral groove that connects or secures parts by rotating into female threads. Their threads are finely detailed, often measured in metric millimeters, requiring precise installation work.

The head of a fine thread bolt varies in shape, allowing rotation with appropriate tools like screwdrivers. Common head shapes include Phillips and hexagonal.

Types of Fine Thread Bolts

Fine thread bolts come in various sizes from No. 01 to No. 3, with No. 00 being smaller than No. 0. The numbers indicate the size and height of the head, with countersunk and pan heads being common shapes. Material options include iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, and titanium, with options for special materials like resin or brass. Some bolts feature nylon on the threaded part to create a locking effect through friction.

Other Information about Fine Thread Bolts

Standards for Fine Thread Bolts

The current standard for fine thread bolts is that from the Camera and Imaging Equipment Industry Association. Its specifications continue to influence the design and use of fine thread bolts in precision equipment.

What Is a Striking Wrench?

A striking wrench, also known as a percussion wrench, is a tool designed to tighten bolts and nuts by striking its handle with a hammer or similar instrument.

This method enables the application of significant torque, especially beneficial for loosening bolts and nuts that are stubbornly seized or in situations where a standard manual wrench is ineffective. It facilitates the loosening of tight fasteners with less effort compared to regular manual wrenches. The interchangeable sockets allow it to adapt to various sizes and shapes of bolts and nuts. Its robust construction ensures durability, making it suitable for frequent use.

However, excessive force may damage the bolts, nuts, or the workpiece. Therefore, appropriate safety measures, such as wearing safety glasses and gloves and maintaining a safe distance from others, are essential.

Usage of Striking Wrenches

Due to their powerful torque application, striking wrenches are versatile tools used across multiple fields. Here are some common applications:

1. Automotive

In automotive maintenance, striking wrenches are invaluable for loosening bolts and nuts in engines and suspensions, which often seize over time due to rust or adhesion.

2. Construction

Striking wrenches are employed in construction and repair projects for assembling and dismantling steel frameworks and large machinery, enhancing the efficiency of tightening operations.

3. Industrial Machinery

They are crucial in the maintenance of industrial machinery and production lines, allowing for quick adjustments and replacements of large components, thus minimizing downtime.

4. Maritime

The marine environment and salt exposure can lead to seized bolts and nuts on ships. Durable striking wrenches are key tools for marine maintenance tasks.

Principles of Striking Wrenches

Striking wrenches operate on the principle of using the impact from a hammer strike to tighten or loosen stubborn fasteners. They are typically made from high-strength alloy steel to withstand the resultant shock and torque.

The design, including shape and thickness of parts, is critical to evenly distribute forces and prevent damage. Quality control during manufacturing ensures parts meet precise specifications. Heat and surface treatments enhance the material’s strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

How to Choose a Striking Wrench

Selecting the right striking wrench involves considering several factors:

1. Material

The wrench’s material, often high-strength alloy steel, is crucial for durability and longevity.

2. Surface Treatment

Surface treatments like nitriding or chrome plating improve wear and corrosion resistance, extending the tool’s life.

3. Shape

The wrench’s shape, whether glasses-type or regular wrench-type, should be chosen based on the specific application to enhance workability.

4. Size

Choosing the correct socket size is vital for effective torque application, with handle length influencing the ease of torque application. Longer handles facilitate greater torque application in tight spaces, though they may be cumbersome in certain scenarios.

What Is a Radius Gauge?

A radius gauge is an inspection tool used to check the roundness or corner radius (R) of a workpiece. It involves placing the gauge‘s radius tip against the workpiece to visually inspect if the standard radius dimensions are met. Unlike contour measuring machines that provide measured values, radius gauges offer a quicker and more cost-effective solution for checking radius dimensions, though they do not output measurement values.

Uses of Radius Gauges

Radius gauges are particularly useful for:

• Checking the corner radius of workpieces in machining processes.
• Verifying if specified radius surfaces on shafts or joints meet the required standards in turning processes.
• Inspecting radius dimensions in complex structures or installed pipes, where movement of the workpiece is restricted.

Principle of Radius Gauges

Radius gauges consist of thin plates with a pre-defined radius profile (convex or concave) at one end, with the relevant dimensions indicated on the plate. They are used by aligning the radius along the measurement section of the workpiece.

To confirm conformity between the gauge and the workpiece, materials like blue paste may be used, although results can vary based on the application of the paste and the need to remove it post-inspection. Regular checks for wear and deformation of the gauges are necessary, especially when using blue paste as it accelerates wear.

While contour gauges provide accurate measurements, radius gauges are simple and easy to use. The choice between the two depends on the specific results needed.

What Is a Glass Fuse?

A glass fuse is a type of fuse that utilizes glass as a protective tube. They are the most common type of tube fuses. These fuses interrupt current flow by melting the element when an overrated current flows through them, preventing circuit breakage, smoking, ignition, and similar accidents.

Uses of Glass Fuses

Glass fuses are widely used in various applications:

• Control power supplies in motor control center units.
• Overcurrent protection for power lamps and instrument transformers.
• Protection for in-vehicle and motorcycle control units.
• On printed circuit boards of home appliances.
• On control boards of industrial rectifiers.

They are most often used in control circuits due to their compact and space-saving nature, operating faster than general breakers.

Principle of Glass Fuses

Glass fuses consist of a glass tube, an element, and a cap.

1. Glass Capillary

The glass capillary protects the filament. Most often made from PC glass, it allows for visual inspection to see if the filament has fused. Some glass fuses also contain an arc-quenching agent like silica sand to suppress arc generation when the filament breaks.

2. Elements

The element fuses in the event of overcurrent. Typically made from zinc, the thickness of the element corresponds to the allowable current and is visible from the glass tube. Other materials like lead, silver, or alloys are used to adjust the melting point.

3. Mouthpiece

The mouthpiece connects the fuse to the fuse holder. It’s usually made of nickel-plated copper and contains printed information such as withstand voltage and allowable current.

Types of Glass Fuses

There are three main types of glass fuses:

1. Normal Fusing Type

Commonly used in telecommunications equipment, these fuses can withstand 200% of the rated current for about 2 minutes.

2. Time-Lag Blown Type

Time-lag fuses are designed to delay blowing and are used to protect motors and solenoid valves with large inrush or start-up currents.

3. Fast-Blow Type

Fast-blow fuses act almost instantaneously under excessive currents and are used to protect semiconductors from failure due to excessive or reverse currents.

Other Information on Glass Fuses

How to Use Glass Fuses

Glass fuses are inserted into fuse holders with mechanisms to hold them securely. Safety tools are used when replacing a fuse to avoid electric shock. The fuse’s capacity should be greater than the rated current of the electrical component but less than the maximum capacity of the wiring or weakest component. The withstand voltage is also crucial, with variants available for 125 V and 250 V.

What Is a Thin Head Hex Screw?

A thin head hex screw, also known as a low head screw, is a type of bolt characterized by a lower head height compared to standard bolts. These screws are typically 2/3 to 1/2 the height of a regular bolt, making them suitable for situations where space for bolt installation is limited. They are commonly used in visible areas on furniture and other items, as they reduce or eliminate bolt head protrusion, improving aesthetic appeal.

Their design also contributes to weight reduction due to the lesser material used in the bolts.

Uses of Thin Head Hex Screws

Thin head hex screws are employed in various settings where space-saving and design considerations are essential:

• They are used for fastening in areas with limited clearance, where a sleeker fit is desired, and in thin plates that cannot accommodate larger bolts.
• When combined with slim nuts, these screws enhance space-saving performance.
• Specific applications include preventing interference with moving parts like doors in machinery or where deep counterbored holes are not feasible.

While they are primarily used for mechanical purposes and design enhancement, they are generally more expensive than regular bolts. There are also variations like small head bolts and combination types that offer both low heads and smaller diameters.

Features of Thin Head Hex Screws

Traditionally, countersunk head screws were used when a protruding screw head was undesirable, but thin head hex screws have been developed to overcome limitations like the requirement for a member in thin materials. They come in various types, such as low head caps, thin bound, slim heads, etc., and are made from materials like steel, stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, and resin.

Other Information on Thin Head Hex Screws

1. Applications

Thin head hex screws come in diverse head shapes, including types for vacuum equipment and tamper-resistant designs. Their fastening holes vary from common cross-holes to hexagonal and hexalobular designs. Ultra-thin variants are available with even lower head heights.

These screws provide neat appearances without the need for counterboring, and their low profile can deter theft.

2. Cautions for Use

Despite their advantages, users should be cautious with thin head hex screws. Due to their short screw heads and smaller fastening holes, they require smaller tools and are prone to slippage during tightening or loosening. They also offer less strength than regular cap bolts, making them unsuitable for high-stress applications.

What Is a Pilot Pin?

A pilot pin is a component used in precise positioning for machining or assembling manufacturing equipment. It ensures accurate alignment and positioning of objects during various industrial processes.

Common applications of pilot pins include:

1. Mold alignment in processes using molds, such as in injection molding machines.
2. Positioning of workpieces in conveyance systems, including the stopping position of workpieces on processing machines.

Pilot pins are usually inserted into holes with high dimensional accuracy, allowing for precise mating of parts.

Uses of Pilot Pins

Pilot pins are essential in modern industrial products, utilized across a wide range of applications, from large-scale products to precision equipment. They are classified into two types: parallel pins, which are used for rough positioning and easy removal, and knock pins, which are used for accurate positioning and repeated application to a workpiece.

Principle of Pilot Pins

Knock pins, also known as hammer pins, are commonly used for centering and positioning equipment. They are typically referred to as dowel pins and are inserted into holes with a positive tolerance, requiring hammering for installation.

Parallel pins, in contrast, have both positive and negative tolerances and are not typically hardened. Due to their material properties, they are suitable only for rough or static positioning. However, their ease of attachment and detachment makes them more user-friendly compared to knock pins.

When selecting pilot pins, it is crucial to consider the intended use, performance requirements, and other factors to choose the appropriate type of pin for the specific application.

What Is a Roller Plunger?

A roller plunger incorporates a roller or bearing within its actuating part, enabling precise contact with objects such as workpieces for positioning or fixing purposes. It features a built-in spring that allows the actuator tip to retract under load and return to its original position once the load is removed. Roller plungers, along with ball and pin plungers, are key components in mechanical and industrial settings.

Applications of Roller Plungers

Roller plungers are widely used in machine tools and factory production equipment for positioning and securing workpieces. Their design allows for smooth rotation and minimal friction during contact, making them ideal for various applications, including limit switch actuators.

1. Automobile

Adjustable driver and passenger seats and seat belt reel mechanisms benefit from the precise movement allowed by roller plungers.

2. Industrial Machinery

They facilitate conveyor belt positioning and are used in semiconductor manufacturing for reliable equipment operation.

3. Furniture

Roller plungers enable smooth adjustments in water-draining sinks and expandable tables, enhancing functionality and work efficiency.

Principles of Roller Plungers

The roller plunger consists of a roller (bearing), a body (main body), a pin, and a spring, operating either by sliding or rotary (lever) action. The spring force dictates the restraining force on the object, with variations designed for light or heavy loads.

Types of Roller Plungers

Roller plungers vary by body shape, load capacity, and roller orientation, each suited for specific applications and mounting requirements.

1. Body Shape

Bolt type and mount type bodies cater to different installation methods, offering versatility in application.

2. Load

Selection between light load and heavy load types depends on the operational requirements and the force needed for securing objects.

3. Roller Orientation

Roller orientation options include vertical and landscape orientations for mount types, influencing the direction of action and installation flexibility.

Other Information about Roller Plungers

Limit Switch Roller Plunger

Roller plunger limit switches are critical for detecting mechanical movements or the presence of objects, often featuring a sealed design for dust-proof protection.

What Is a Slide Plate?

Slide plates are components designed to enable smooth sliding movements on machinery and equipment, effectively minimizing friction and resistance. These plates are crucial across various industries, aiding in the movement and positioning of parts, thereby enhancing machine efficiency, reducing wear, and extending equipment durability.

Applications of Slide Plates

Slide plates have diverse applications, ranging from automobile seat adjustments to industrial machinery operation and furniture design, facilitating smooth adjustments and efficient operation.

1. Automobile

Enables adjustable seating for improved comfort and seat belt reel mechanisms for ease of use.

2. Industrial Machinery

Essential for conveyor belt adjustments and semiconductor manufacturing equipment, ensuring precise product placement and smooth operation.

3. Furniture

Improves functionality in water-draining sinks and expandable tables, allowing for easy size adjustments and efficient water flow.

Principles of Slide Plates

Operates on the principle of reducing friction between moving parts using low-friction materials and lubricants, such as carbon steels, teflon, and polytetrafluoroethylene, to ensure smooth and precise movements.

How to Choose a Slide Plate

Selection criteria include material compatibility, size to match equipment requirements, and hole drilling for precise mounting and operational guidance.

1. Material

Choose materials based on the application’s friction, wear, and chemical resistance needs.

2. Size

Select dimensions that accommodate smooth movement and precise positioning, considering the equipment’s design and motion range.

3. Hole Drilling

Ensure mounting holes align with installation requirements and the guide mechanism for stable and directed movement.

What Is a Stopper Bolt?

A stopper bolt is a bolt designed for positioning parts and machines. It acts as a stopper for moving components and it is engineered to improve positioning accuracy to mitigate the impact of contact by bringing the bolt’s head or the end of the threaded part into contact with an object. Commonly used with a nut or lock nut to secure the position, stopper bolts ensure precise adjustments and reliable fixation.

Usage of Stopper Bolts

Stopper bolts serve dual functions as stoppers and positioning elements, allowing for fine adjustment of setting positions in various applications.

1. Fixed Position

They secure machine parts or devices in specified positions, maintaining alignment through direct contact.

2. Positioning when Changing Jigs and Tools

Stopper bolts facilitate precise positioning during the replacement or adjustment of jigs and tools, reducing errors and ensuring accuracy.

3. Position Stopper for Moving Parts

Used as adjustable stoppers for moving parts of machinery, they control the range of motion, often in conjunction with shock absorbers for enhanced precision and safety.

4. Safety Equipment

As mechanical stoppers, they limit the movement of machinery parts, preventing accidents and damage in case of abnormal operation.

Principles of Stopper Bolts

The principle revolves around adjustable positioning using the threaded section and secure fixation with a nut. Materials like carbon steel, chromoly steel, and stainless steel provide durability and wear resistance, with some bolts featuring protective resin to prevent damage to contact surfaces.

Type of Stopper Bolts

1. Hexagon Bolt Type

Features a hexagon bolt head as the contact surface, offering stable positioning due to a wider contact area.

2. Threaded End Type

Utilizes the bolt end as the contact surface and it is available in shapes like hexagonal bolts and hexagon socket head bolts.

3. Set Screw Type

Resembles a hexagon socket set screw, with a hardened, flat, surface-finished end serving as the contact point.

4. Resin/Rubber Type

Equipped with protective resin or rubber at the contact part to prevent material damage, absorb shock, and reduce noise.

Other Information about Stopper Bolts

Precautions for Stopper Bolts

While similar to adjustment screws and positioning bolts, stopper bolts are distinguished by their primary function of fixation, typically featuring coarser threads and standard thread accuracy, making them suitable for different applications based on specific needs.