月: 2023年1月

What Is a Microwave Heating System?

A microwave heating system is a device that heats a dielectric material using electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of about a micrometer.

In other heating methods (using radiation from hot air or electric heating), heat is gradually conducted from the surface of the object and heated, which can take large amounts of time.

Microwave heating, however, reacts directly with the molecules inside the material, thus raising the internal temperature in a shorter time. Since microwaves can be irradiated almost uniformly to the target, even the inside and outside of the material can be heated uniformly. Since the heating efficiency varies depending on the dielectric loss of the target, the material can also be selectively heated according to the loss factor.

Uses of Microwave Heating Systems

Although microwave heating systems are best known for their use in microwave ovens, they are also used industrially for food-related applications.

Specifically, these applications include cooking, sterilization, and drying of food products. For example, when microwave heating systems are used in the process of heating chicken, the heating time can be cut in half compared to conventional methods, and even partial darkening of the bones can be prevented.

Microwave heating is also used for drying wood, printed matter, textiles, and paper, and in the medical field for treating cancer through thermotherapy.

Principles of Microwave Heating Systems

Electromagnetic waves such as microwaves act on materials by periodically changing the intensity of their electric field.

Unlike conductors such as metals, molecules of insulators (dielectrics) such as water, have their polarity and react with the electric field generated by electromagnetic waves.

As the frequency of electromagnetic waves increases, the molecules that make up the dielectric rotate and vibrate violently and collide with each other, but higher frequencies are not necessarily easier to heat. If the frequency is too high, the molecules inside the dielectric cannot respond.

In the case of water, it reacts well with electromagnetic waves in the microwave region (infrared rays). The energy generated by the reaction (internal energy) is converted into heat, which heats the dielectric. Microwave heating systems are equipped with electron tubes called magnetrons to generate microwaves. The microwaves emitted from this tube are guided into the heating oven, where they heat the object.

What Is a Combination Hammer?

A combination hammer is a hammer with a metal head and a resin head. Combination hammers have the characteristics of both a metal hammer and a resin hammer. They can be used as two hammers in one, making them very convenient.

Most hammers are relatively small enough to be handled with one hand. There are two types of grips: one is coated with resin and the other is made of wood. The resin type has more friction and anti-slip material can be added to prevent slipping, making it easier to grip.

Uses of Combination Hammer

A single combination hammer can be used in two ways: as a metal hammer and as a resin hammer. While many hammers are heavy, having only one to carry makes it more convenient. Additionally, eliminating the need to bring both a metal hammer and a resin hammer can reduce the number of man-hours required for work.

The main usage is to strike an object with the metal part to deform or destroy it. The resin part is used when you want to shift the position of the object without scratching it, such as when adjusting its position.

How to Select a Combination Hammer

When choosing a combination hammer, first select a combination of materials for the head. Generally, steel and rubber are the most commonly available. However, there are also combination hammers made of wood and plastic. You need to choose the combination that best suits the situation in which you want to use the hammer. Below are the characteristics of each material, so you can refer to them when selecting a hammer.

• Iron
  Select this material when you want to deliver a strong blow because of its heavy weight and hardness. It is often used to deform objects.
• Rubber
  Due to its elasticity, it is less likely to damage the object. It is often used to adjust the position of an object. However, due to its elasticity, it is easy to lose some of the striking force.
• Brass
  Lighter and less hard than iron, brass is used when you want to have some striking force but do not want to deform the object.
• Wood
  Lightweight and low in hardness, wood is used when you do not want to damage the object. Unlike rubber, it is not elastic, so there is little loss of impact force.

What Is a Portable Electric Hammer?

A hammer is a general term for a tool that strikes an object and consists of a metal striking part (head) and a part held by the hand (handle).

A portable electric hammer is a type of hammer suitable for electrical work. The end of the handle is socket-shaped.

There are two types of portable electric hammerheads: the tip-cut type, which has a hammering surface on one side and a pointed tip on the opposite side, and the double-face type, which has a hammering surface on both sides. The most distinctive feature of the portable electric hammer is the socket-shaped end of the handle, which can be used to attach and remove nuts.

How to Use a Portable Electric Hammer

Portable electric hammers are mainly used for wiring work and installation of lighting fixtures in wooden houses.

The hammering surface of the portable electric hammer head is used to strike a U-shaped staple or nail for the purpose of securing wiring. When striking the staple, be careful not to strike too hard and crush the wiring. It is important to select a large enough staple to secure the wiring while allowing enough clearance for the wiring to be securely fastened.

The pointed end of the portable electric hammer head is not designed for hammering staples or nails; rather, it is intended for small-scale demolition and concrete paving work.

The end of the portable electric hammer’s handle is socket-shaped. The head is held in the hand, and the handle is rotated to tighten and remove nuts.

How to Select a Portable Electric Hammer

Portable electric hammerheads are available in two types: the first type with a hammering surface and a tip, and the second type with two hammering surfaces. The shape of the head is selected according to the type of work to be performed.

At sites where portable electric hammers are used, such as wiring work sites, there is not much difference in the size of the hammerheads, because the frequency of strong blows is lower than at work sites where general hammers are used.

Portable electric hammer handles are available in two types: a standard type with a handle length of 25 to 30 cm, and a short type with a handle length of around 20 cm. The short type is convenient for storing in a waist bag for electrician work. However, it has the disadvantage that the length of bolts it can handle is short.

The socket at the end of the portable electric hammer’s handle is generally a 17 mm socket, which is commonly used in wiring work. However, there are also double-socket electric hammers that can accommodate two sizes of sockets, such as 17 mm and 13 mm or 17 mm and 21 mm. Select one based on the size of the nut to be used.

In addition, when working with duct wiring channels or hanger rails to secure wiring, select a tinner’s hammer that matches the width of the duct, as a regular electric hammer cannot be inserted into the gap between the rails.

What Is a Rubber Hammer?

A rubber hammer is a hammer with a rubber head.

Rubber hammers are used in furniture assembly and sheet metal work.

Rubber hammers have the advantage of being able to strike hard without worrying about scratches or dents on the struck area. Compared to wooden hammers, which have similar characteristics, rubber hammers are less likely to damage materials.

On the other hand, the disadvantage of rubber hammers is that the reaction when struck is dull. In subtle adjustment work, it is sometimes necessary to know the feel and sound of the hammer. Therefore, a wooden hammer is used for adjustment work, while a rubber hammer is used for hard-hitting work.

How to Use a Rubber Hammer

The rubber hammer is held in one hand. Hold the rubber hammer near the tip of the handle and strike the head against the material.

Below are some notes on how to use the rubber hammer.

• It is necessary to adjust the force to strike the material several times.
• When performing work that requires delicate adjustment, tap on the top of the applied wood to ensure that the force is applied evenly.
• Hitting with something like a metal nail will scratch the surface of the rubber hammer. Rubber hammers are not suitable for striking small metal objects.

How to Choose a Rubber Hammer

The key to choosing a rubber hammer is to consider the weight and size of the rubber hammer for your application.

Generally, the weight of a rubber hammer head is expressed in pounds or ounces (1 pound = 16 ounces, or about 450 grams).

• A 1/2-pound rubber hammer is small and fits in a toolbox. It is used for hammering in dowel joints used in furniture assembly. The 1/2-pound is good for smaller, repetitive tasks with less force.
• A 1-pound rubber hammer is a heavy, versatile hammer. It is used for assembly tasks that require some force, such as mortise and tenon joints on wooden furniture.
• A 2-pound or larger rubber hammer is used on carpentry job sites to assemble larger items. Due to their substantial head and handle size, as well as their weight, 2-pound hammers are not suitable for tasks such as hammering in dowel joints.

The diameter of the rubber hammer head should be based on the size of the object to be hammered.

Rubber hammers have handles of 300-400 mm in length. It is advisable to select a hammer with a length that is easy to use considering the environment in which it will be used and its portability.

The heads of ordinary rubber hammers contain carbon, which may cause color staining on the object. If you are concerned about the color staining, a hammer made of white rubber is a good choice.

What Is a Plastic Hammer?

A Plastic Hammer is a type of hammer, a tool with a head made of plastic material. They are used to strike objects and come in different materials, shapes, and sizes depending on their intended use.

Unlike metal hammers, plastic hammers can impact objects without damaging them. However, they are not suitable for tasks such as hammering nails.

They are often used for applications that take advantage of its shock-absorbing properties. They are suitable for work that requires careful attention to scratches.

Uses of Plastic Hammers

A Plastic Hammer is a tool used to impact metal objects without scratching them. It is especially suited for maintenance of automobiles and motorcycles, which have many parts and components that must not be scratched. Because some parts are delicate or difficult to dislodge, they are also suitable for work where damage is not tolerated, such as repairing the inside of an engine.

It can also be utilized for tapping an object to adjust its position. Taking advantage of the characteristics of the flexible plastic material, hammers are used in a variety of situations.

Principle of Plastic Hammers

A Plastic Hammer uses a strong and flexible plastic material for the head part to prevent damage to the object even when striking. The plastic material absorbs shock when striking, making the object less likely to be scratched.

In addition, the striking force of a plastic hammer is about half that of a metal head, and more than double that of a rubber one. However, they are not suitable for hammering work because of its light weight.

Structure of Plastic Hammers

The basic structure of a plastic hammers is a head and handle attached to a plastic material. Some hammers incorporate lead or other materials inside the head to reduce recoil and amplify striking force. This can reduce the burden during work while exerting effective force.

Types of Plastic Hammers

Plastic Hammers are generally made of plastic material attached to both ends of the head. In addition to the general plastic hammers, there are shockless hammers that produce less recoil when struck, and combination hammers that have a head made of a different material than the plastic material attached to it.

There are also hammers made of rubber or other materials that are relatively similar to plastic.

1. Plastic Hammer

A typical plastic hammer is a hammer with a metal center and plastic striking surfaces attached to both ends of the head. It is characterized by its ability to strike without scratching the object. The center of gravity is made of metal, so it can deliver a solid impact.

2. Shockless Hammer

Shockless hammers, as the name suggests, are hammers without impact. It contains a lead ball inside, and when struck, the lead ball moves toward the striking surface, amplifying the force of the blow. In addition, the lead ball absorbs the recoil, thus reducing the burden on the arm and hand.

3. Combination Hammer　

A combination hammer is a hammer with the striking surface made of different materials such as plastic and rubber, or plastic and metal, etc. The advantage is that one hammer can be used for two different purposes.

4. Other Hammers

Hammers made of materials similar to plastic hammers include rubber hammers, rubber mat hammers, urethane hammers, and nylon hammers.

How to Select a Plastic Hammer

When choosing a plastic hammer, it is important to consider the application and the work to be done. Selecting the right hammer will improve work efficiency, safety, and comfort.

For this purpose, the weight and size of the hammer should be selected according to the work to be performed. The length of the handle also affects the ease of work and the amount of force applied. The grip is another selection criterion. Choosing a grip that is non-slip and fits your hand will help improve safety while working.

Other Information on Plastic Hammers

Precautions for Using Plastic Hammers

Compared to metal hammers, lightweight plastic hammers are easy to handle, but care must be taken not to hit your hand.

When striking, it is important to center the striking surface on the object and work efficiently and safely. By keeping in mind proper usage, you can work safely and comfortably.

What Is a Pincer?

Pincers are one of the tools used for gripping, twisting, and fixing.

The difference between pincers and pliers is that pliers are often jagged on the inside to increase holding power, whereas pincers are flat. Also, pliers can cut at the base, while pincers cannot.

There are also general flat types and those for specific work, such as with a clamp, which can be used for more delicate and intricate work. They are indispensable tools for accessory production.

Uses of Pincers

There are two main types of pincers, the round pincer and the flat pincer, which are used for different purposes.

Round Pincer

The tip of the jaw is rounded and can be used to neatly curl pins and wires. It can also be used to pinch parts. However, the rounded tip makes it slippery. As with the flat pincer, the round pincer becomes thinner toward the end. The round pincer is also used primarily to curl the end of a pin to make a stopper. Rounding at the tip produces a small stopper while rounding towards the inside produces a larger stopper. It is also excellent for making curves without leaving marks.

Flat Pincer

The flat tip of the jaw grips the material firmly and is used for bending and twisting (used for clamping parts and bending pins). The jaws get thinner toward the end, increasing the gripping force. It is also used for tasks such as flattening crimp beads.

How to Choose a Pincer

Selecting by Tip Length

A short-tipped tool is easier to use for detailed work that requires more controlled force, such as opening and closing metal fittings. When two pincers are used, the tips are less likely to interfere with each other, allowing smooth operation. On the other hand, the type with a long tip, the diameter of which gradually decreases toward the tip, is easy to adjust when rounding a metal clasp. The diameter can be finely adjusted depending on where the tip is bent.

Selecting by Grip Ease

In work that requires continuous concentration, it is important that the tool is easy to grip. A type with a grip made of soft elastomer material is less tiring to work with for a long time and reduces the burden on the hand. Plastic grips have the advantage that they do not hydrolyze and do not become sticky, making them comfortable to work with.

Selecting by Jaw Material

The same type of pliers can have different jaw materials. Soft materials are less likely to damage parts, but can also be slippery. Hard (rough) materials provide a good grip but may cause damage to parts if too much force is applied.

Select by Jaw Length

Pincers come in two lengths: long and short. Most round pincer jaws are long. Since round pincers taper toward the tip of the jaw, a long round pincer jaw allows you to freely change the diameter of the ring being formed. Short pincers are easy to use and are recommended for beginners in handmade crafts.

What Is a Round Nose Plier?

Round nose pliers have a conical blade and are used for different purposes than regular pliers. Since the shape of the tip differs depending on its usability, it is necessary to choose the right tool for the right application. Similar tools include radio pliers.

Pincers are often used for handmade works and are used for bending wire and flattening C-curves. Some have tips similar to round nose pliers, while others have two differently shaped tips.

Needle-nose pliers have a thin, non-slip tip, making them suitable for use as nippers. They can be used to bend, pull, and cut wire.

Uses of Round Nose Pliers

Round nose pliers are suitable for bending wire and other wire materials.

By changing the part that is used, it is possible to coil in various sizes. In addition to being used for assembling and repairing wiring, they are often used for bending wire when making accessories and other handmade items.

A number of round-nose pliers for handmade products are also available. Many of them are designed to reduce fatigue even after prolonged use.

How to Choose Round Nose Pliers

Here are some points to consider when selecting round nose pliers.

• Shape of the Tip

There are three main types of round nose pliers: long, short, and tapered.
The long type is suitable when the pliers need to be inserted deeply or when coiling.

The short type is characterized by its resistance to kinking even when force is applied and is suitable for the sharp bending of wires and other wire materials.

The tapered type is tapered from the base to the tip and is suitable for fine work such as bending thin wires for accessory processing.

• Size

Round nose pliers are available in different sizes. Selecting the appropriate size based on your hand size ensures comfortable and prolonged use without fatigue.
The most commonly selected size is the compact 115~125 mm.

• Material

Round nose pliers are available in a variety of metals. Among them, stainless steel is the most rust-resistant and durable. If hardness is important, round nose pliers made of 70-carbon steel with chrome vanadium should be chosen.