月: 2022年12月

What Are Monitor Arms?

Monitor arms are space-saving devices that allow display monitors to be mounted without the need for a traditional stand. They can be attached to desks, walls, or pillars through clamping or screwing, offering flexibility in movement and optimal height adjustment not possible with standard display stands.

With varying numbers of joints and motion ranges, selecting a monitor arm that fits the installation site’s specific needs is crucial.

Uses of Monitor Arms

Monitor arms enhance various environments by improving ergonomics, saving space, facilitating collaboration, and providing flexibility.

1. Improving Ergonomics

By adjusting the display to the ideal height, angle, and position, monitor arms help reduce neck and back strain, promoting better posture during prolonged usage.

2. Space Saving

Mounting displays on arms clears valuable desk space, especially beneficial in smaller work areas or setups with multiple monitors.

3. Facilitating Collaboration

The ability to easily rotate, tilt, and move displays makes monitor arms ideal for group work and presentations, allowing for easy information sharing.

4. Enhancing Flexibility

Monitor arms allow for the easy adjustment of displays to suit various working conditions, such as standing meetings or seated work, enhancing comfort and visibility.

5. Streamlining Cable Management

Many monitor arms include solutions for organizing cables, reducing clutter for a tidier workspace.

Principle of Monitor Arms

Monitor arms enable versatile positioning of computer displays, attaching them to desks, walls, or columns for viewing from any angle. This setup expands desk space, streamlining organization and storage. It’s important to choose an arm that supports the display’s size and weight.

Types of Monitor Arms

Monitor arms come in various installation methods, each with its own set of benefits and considerations.

1. Clamp Type

Clamp-type arms attach easily to desks, offering a floating display setup that maximizes desk usage. However, they may not be suitable for desks with thin tops due to pressure application.

2. Grommet Type

Grommet-type arms require drilling into the desk for a clean setup, but may pose installation challenges on certain desk types.

3. Pole Type

Pole-type arms maximize desk area but require space for pole installation, which may limit desk workspace.

4. Wall-Mounted Type

Wall-mounted arms free up desk space entirely, but have limitations regarding wall load capacity and display adjustment flexibility.

5. Stand Type

Stand-type arms are versatile but require a sturdy stand for stability, potentially taking up more desk space.

What Is an Aerial Cable?

An aerial cable is a cable used to receive terrestrial and satellite broadcasts.

It is connected to a dedicated terminal called the “F” tangent terminal on the back of a TV or HDD recorder. Digital terrestrial broadcasting signals are received by a dedicated UHF receiving antenna installed outside the room.

For BS digital broadcasting and CS digital broadcasting, a dedicated parabolic antenna is used to receive broadcast signals. Since BS and CS digital broadcasting waves are sent from broadcasting satellites located in relatively the same direction, a single parabolic antenna can receive both types of broadcasting simultaneously.

Uses of Aerial Cables

Aerial cables are used to distribute broadcasts received by an antenna to video equipment. The following are examples of uses for aerial cable.

• For receiving broadcasts from home-use televisions
• For Blu-Ray players
• For HDD recorders
• For coaxial cameras

Mainly used for broadcasting transmission and reception. However, since it is a coaxial cable, it can also be used for camera video transmission if the plug is compatible.

Principle of Aerial Cables

Aerial cable is a type of cable called coaxial cable. It consists of a core wire, insulator, outer conductor, and outer sheath.

1. Core Wire

The core wire is the part that transmits and receives electrical signals. In most cases, copper wire is used, and it is characterized by its single-core structure instead of a stranded wire structure. Three diameters are mainly used: 5.4 mm, 6 mm, and 7.7 mm.

2. Insulator

The insulator is a component that insulates the core wire and outer conductor, and is mainly made of polyethylene in most cases. The outer sheath is used to protect the entire cable from the external environment and is made of vinyl or similar material. 

3. Outer Conductor

The outer conductor is the signal wiring that surrounds the outer circumference of the insulation and is made of reticulated copper. The outer conductor is generally grounded and also serves as a shielding layer to protect the core wire from noise.

Signals are transmitted by a weak voltage between the outer conductor and the core wire.

Other Information on Aerial Cables

1. Signal Distribution by Aerial Cable

After broadcast signals are received from the aerial cable, they are sent through the cable to the wall terminal in each room. If the antenna and the wall terminal are far apart, or if there are many rooms, the signal is amplified and distributed by a device called a booster.

After the wall terminal, the signal is sent to the receiving equipment via aerial cable. Since the frequencies of terrestrial and BS/CS broadcasting are very different, separate cables must be used for each of these signals. 

2. Differences Between Terrestrial and BS/CS Broadcasting

Terrestrial wave broadcasting has a frequency range of 470-710 MHz. These broadcast signals are converted into signals that can be processed inside receivers, such as televisions.

After the high-frequency signals in the 470-710 MHz range are converted into a frequency band known as the baseband signals, they are decrypted using a B-CAS card. Since video/audio signals and program information signals are mixed in the signals, they are separated from each other. The separated signals are decoded and finally projected on the screen.

BS Broadcasting
BS broadcasting is an abbreviation for “Broadcasting Satellites.” It is received by a parabolic antenna, down-converted to the frequency band 1022-1522 MHz, known as BS-IF, and input to a tuner for BS broadcasting.

CS Broadcasting
CS broadcasting is an abbreviation for “communication satellites,” and is also called 110-degree CS digital broadcasting. 

3. Aerial Cable Standards

Aerial cables are marked with a part number such as “S-5C-FB”. This printout indicates the standard of the Aerial Cable, etc.

First Letter
The first letter “S” means that the cable is compatible with satellite broadcasting.

Second Character
The second “5” indicates the thickness of the cable (unit: mm). The second “2” indicates an outer diameter of 4 mm, “3” indicates an outer diameter of 5.4 mm, “4” indicates an outer diameter of 6 mm, and “5” indicates an outer diameter of 7.7 mm.

Third Letter
The third “C” refers to the impedance of the cable. C” stands for 75Ω (for TV) and “D” for 50Ω (for radio).

Fourth Letter
The fourth “F” represents the material of the insulation. F” stands for foamed polyethylene and “2” stands for polyethylene.

Fifth Letter
The last “B” indicates the type of wire braid. B” indicates that the braid consists of aluminum foil wrapped inside the braid, “V” indicates that the braid is a single-layer, “W” indicates that the braid is a double-layer, and “T” indicates that the braid is a triple-layer. 

4. Types of Antenna Cable Plugs

There are several types of aerial cable plugs. It is important to select the most suitable plug according to the type of aerial cable to be connected and the location where it will be used.

Straight Type
This is the most common type of plug and is suitable for connection between a TV and a recorder, for example. It is not suitable for use in confined spaces, as the cable is easily overloaded when bent.

L-Shaped Plug
The plug is bent in an L-shape and is suitable for use in confined spaces.

F-Type Plug
This plug has a threaded groove on the inside. It is connected to the Aerial Cable by screwing it in. The advantage of this plug is that it is difficult to disconnect due to the screw type.

Mixed Type
This type has a different shape at both ends, such as straight at one end and L-shaped at the other end.

What Is a Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Cable?

A Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) cable is a type of interface standard used for connecting external drives and other peripheral devices to a computer. Due to multiple connector shapes, it is important to select a SCSI cable that matches the device’s connector type. Common connectors include D-Sub 25-pin, 50-pin, 68-pin, and half-pitch 50-pin.

Uses of SCSI Cables

SCSI cables are utilized following the SCSI standard, developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). They are used to connect devices like hard disks, DVD drives, and printers to a computer’s main body. SCSI connections can be complex, involving setting IDs for multiple devices. Due to their complexity and the emergence of USB connections, many modern PCs do not include SCSI ports.

Principle of SCSI Cables

SCSI is a standard for data exchange between a computer and peripheral devices, with variations like parallel SCSI, SCSI-1, and SCSI-2. Devices compatible with parallel SCSI (with two SCSI connectors) can connect up to seven devices using daisy-chain connections. The number of connectable devices and transfer rates depends on the cable type. Cable length impacts operational stability, with shorter lengths typically providing more stable performance. SCSI-3 cables offer both serial and parallel transfers. Internal flat cables are also available for internal SCSI connections within PCs. However, SCSI has been largely replaced by USB in general-purpose PCs.

SCSI Cables Connector Shapes

SCSI cables have various connector shapes based on the standard. Early SCSI-1 used 50-pin A and 68-pin B connectors, while SCSI-2 adopted a D-sub 50-pin half-pitch connector. Apple’s Macintosh initially used a unique D-sub 25-pin connector. As the SCSI standard only recommended shapes, manufacturers developed various connectors, leading to compatibility issues.

SCSI Standard Protocol

While SCSI cables have become less common, the SCSI standard protocol is still used in communication methods like ATA, SATA, USB, and Fibre Channel. SCSI commands are employed for device inquiries, data reading, and writing.

Disadvantages of SCSI Cables

The decreasing use of SCSI cables is attributed to various drawbacks, such as manufacturers developing unique formats, high costs, outdated transfer speeds, and difficulty in miniaturizing due to the large number of connector pins. The emergence of compact, high-speed interfaces like ATA and SATA led to the decline of SCSI cables in usage.

What Is a Flow Control Valve?

A flow control valve is a device used to regulate the discharge of fluid, commonly used to adjust airflow rates in systems like actuators driving a robot’s joints. There are various types of flow control valves, including throttle valves for fine adjustments and stop valves that can completely seal the outlet, reducing the flow rate to zero. Some valves also feature a compensating function to maintain a consistent flow rate despite changes in pressure or temperature.

Uses of Flow Control Valves

Flow control valves are typically installed on the discharge side of pumps to manage the flow rate precisely. They enable controlled fluid discharge, essential in various industrial applications. Many of these valves are designed to work in conjunction with sensors, automatically adjusting the valve opening based on feedback signals, thus ensuring stable pressure even with fluctuating flow rates.

Principle of Flow Control Valves

There are several structures and types of flow control valves, including throttle valves, compound flow control valves, and stop valves. Throttle valves, for example, are cylindrical and control the fluid flow rate by adjusting the gap size between the primary and secondary cavities. This type allows for precise, stepless adjustments. Flow control valves, similar to throttle valves, additionally include a mechanism to compensate for pressure and temperature variations, ensuring a constant set flow rate regardless of external conditions.

What Are Plastic Pipe Fittings?

Plastic pipe fittings are components designed to connect segments of plastic piping, facilitating fluid passage and wiring connections. Their lightweight nature enhances handling and installation efficiency, and their cost-effectiveness makes them a preferred choice for reducing installation expenses. Additionally, their resistance to corrosion and superior electrical insulation properties render them ideal for outdoor environments and electrical wiring applications, respectively.

It’s important to note that certain plastic resins may degrade under UV light exposure and have specific maximum operating temperatures. Selecting the correct resin type is crucial to prevent deformation or damage from excessive heat.

Uses of Plastic Pipe Fittings

Plastic pipe fittings find applications across various sectors.

1. Water Supply and Sewage

Utilized extensively in urban water supply systems and buildings for water distribution, drainage, and sewage management, supporting efficient wastewater discharge.

2. Gas Pipes

Polyethylene fittings are employed in natural gas or LPG distribution systems, offering high pressure resistance and reducing leakage risks through weldable or crimpable installations.

3. Electrical Conduit

PVC fittings protect and organize electrical and communication cables within buildings and in outdoor wiring, featuring a variety of shapes like connectors and couplers.

4. Chemical Plants

PP and PVC fittings are chosen for their chemical and corrosion resistance in chemical transport and processing, ensuring safe chemical handling.

Principle of Plastic Pipe Fittings

Plastic pipe fittings connect and seal pipes through gluing, insertion, or welding, each method providing a secure bond or fusion to ensure leak-proof connections.

Types of Plastic Pipe Fittings

Different plastic materials produce various fitting types, each with unique properties.

• PVC Pipe Fittings – Made from polyvinyl chloride, offering corrosion resistance and mechanical strength for chemical plant piping and electrical conduits.
• PE Pipe Fittings – Crafted from polyethylene, known for chemical and cold resistance, suitable for applications below 158°F.
• PP Pipe Fittings – Constructed from polypropylene, these fittings are used for their chemical and heat resistance in industrial settings.
• Nylon Pipe Fittings – Nylon fittings are chosen for their durability, chemical stability, and versatility in transporting various liquids and gases.

What Are Flanged Shaft Couplings?

Flanged shaft couplings are mechanical devices designed to connect two rotating shafts for power transmission. They are made for permanent coupling needs, where shafts remain connected, and applications requiring disconnection capabilities similar to clutches.

These couplings are particularly valued for their ability to align the drive and driven shafts precisely, accommodating slight displacements, deflections, and ensuring high rigidity and accuracy in power transmission and shaft alignment.

Uses of Flanged Shaft Couplings

Flanged shaft couplings perform essential roles in various applications:

• Power Transmission: They efficiently transfer power from the drive side to the driven side.
• Error Absorption: They compensate for shaft mounting errors, ensuring smooth operation.
• Vibration Absorption: They mitigate vibrations, protecting machinery and reducing environmental noise.

By fulfilling these roles, flanged shaft couplings enhance the operation of machinery with rotating parts, reducing vibration effects and ensuring stable performance.

Principle of Flanged Shaft Couplings

Shaft couplings are classified into various types:

• Fixed shaft couplings for linear connections.
• Deflection shaft couplings for straight alignments with flexibility.
• Flexible shaft couplings for crossed shaft arrangements.
• Other types designed for parallel shaft connections.

Flanged shaft couplings connect driving and driven shafts in a straight line using flanges and coupling bolts. This setup allows for minor misalignments, transmitting motor rotation or movement from other equipment with high fidelity.

2. Features of Deflection Shaft Couplings

Deflection shaft couplings, including gear and roller chain types, offer specific benefits:

• Reduced torsional deformation and high torque transmission, ideal for high-speed applications without shock or vibration absorption.
• Compact sizes and ease of assembly/disassembly, with some requiring lubrication for optimal performance.

Elastic shaft couplings, like metal spring types, provide backlash-free operation and longevity without internal friction damping.

Structure of Flanged Shaft Couplings

Comprising two flanges connected by bolts, flanged shaft couplings use elastic rubber bushes to fasten the flanges together, allowing for angular misalignment tolerance. The design ensures torque transmission through bushing compression while accommodating shaft flexibility.

Other Information on Flanged Shaft Couplings

1. Material

Materials for flanged shaft couplings must comply with industry standards to ensure durability and proper function. Components include flanges, joint bolts, nuts, washers, spring washers, and bushes, each selected for quality and performance.

2. Maintenance

Regular maintenance, including bushing inspection and replacement, is crucial for prolonging the lifespan of flanged shaft couplings. Attention to bushing material is important, as some materials degrade faster when exposed to certain chemicals or oils.

What Are Bag Sealers?

Bag sealers seal plastic bags and other types of packaging, and are commonly used for items like bread, confectionery, vegetables, and fruits. They enhance packing efficiency and help reduce labor costs by enabling quick and secure sealing.

Applications of Bag Sealers

Bag sealers are vital for packaging food, pharmaceuticals, household goods, cosmetics, industrial products, and agricultural goods to maintain freshness, ensure hygienic conditions, and protect against external factors.

• Food Industry – Essential for packaging fresh produce, processed foods, dry and frozen foods, and snacks to preserve freshness.
• Pharmaceutical Industry – Crucial for the hygienic packaging of pharmaceuticals and medical devices.
• Household Goods and Cosmetics – Used to package beauty and cleaning products, maintaining their quality by protecting against external contaminants.
• Industrial Products – Provides protection and efficient shipping for small parts and retail packaging of tools and components.
• Agricultural Products – Keeps fruits and vegetables fresh, ensuring long-term preservation.
• Other Applications – Utilized for packaging a broad range of products including electronics, stationery, and clothing, with different sealers tailored to specific product types and requirements.

Characteristics of Bag Sealers

Advantages

Bag sealers increase bagging operations’ efficiency, provide a clean finish for sealed products, and operate easily without the need for a power supply, making them portable and safe for use in various environments.

Disadvantages

Users must consider the thickness of the plastic bags to ensure effective sealing and perform regular maintenance to prevent tape jamming, especially when using paper tapes.

Types of Bag Sealers

Bag sealers vary by material, type of tape used, and weight, offering options for rust resistance, compatibility with different tape materials, and ease of use based on the sealer’s weight.

1. Main Body

Options include rust-resistant materials and designs compatible with paper-back sealing tape, some featuring built-in cutters for trimming excess bag material.

2. Tape

Tape choices include PET film for moisture resistance, paper for ease of opening, and cellophane.

3. Weight

Choices range from lightweight to standard weights, with the latter preferred for stability during use.

How to Select a Bag Sealer

Considerations include the type of seal supported, the weight of the device, and specific features like ease of tape cutting, reduced tape curling after sealing, and simple tape replacement.

How to Use a Bag Sealer

Bag sealers offer straightforward operation by passing the bag through the slit for sealing, with models equipped with cutters also allowing for the removal of excess material, enhancing work efficiency. They are designed for ease of use by individuals of all skill levels.

What Is a Magnetic Catch?

A magnetic catch is a device that utilizes the power of magnets to securely hold doors closed. It consists of a magnet and a metal component attached to the door, preventing the door from opening due to wind or other external factors. Magnetic catches come in various types, suitable for different door sizes and absorption strengths, allowing for precise positioning when opening and closing. Cushion-type magnetic catches are also available, providing a bounce-back feature to aid in door operation.

Uses of Magnetic Catches

Magnetic catches are commonly used in household and commercial settings to keep doors of shelves, cabinets, and boxes securely closed. They are particularly useful for storing food or household items, ensuring the contents are protected from exposure and contamination. While they prevent doors from opening unexpectedly, they can still be easily operated by hand.

Principle of Magnetic Catches

Magnetic catches function by the attraction between a magnet and a metal plate. The magnetic unit is typically attached to a box or shelf, while the metal plate is affixed to the door. This setup provides a secure yet moderate magnetic force to keep doors closed, safeguarding the contents inside.

Some magnetic catches are equipped with sensors that detect door movement. These specialized catches can automatically cut off power or halt current flow when a door is opened, enhancing safety by preventing electric shocks during maintenance or repair tasks.

What Are Vacuum Tweezers?

Vacuum tweezers are tools designed for handling small or delicate objects using a vacuum. These tools enable the precise manipulation of components without physical contact, reducing the risk of contamination or damage.

They are particularly useful for gripping items too small or sensitive for conventional tweezers. Vacuum tweezers offer stability and precision, unaffected by hand tremors or movement, thanks to their vacuum-based operation. Achieving a perfect vacuum seal is crucial for their effective performance, as any leakage can compromise the ability to maintain a secure grip.

Applications of Vacuum Tweezers

Vacuum tweezers serve a wide range of applications, from handling fine objects in manufacturing to assembling precision parts in technology and beyond. Their primary function is to securely grip objects that traditional tweezers cannot, using a vacuum.

1. In Electronics

For electronic components such as integrated circuit (IC) chips, which require precise placement on circuit boards, vacuum tweezers are indispensable. They securely hold and place tiny resistors and capacitors, essential for surface mount technology (SMT) applications.

2. In Optics

Handling optical components like lenses and mirrors, especially those with delicate paints or coatings, demands the clean and precise operation provided by vacuum tweezers. They ensure these sensitive parts are manipulated without direct contact.

3. In Jewelry Making

Vacuum tweezers play a critical role in the intricate design and detailing of ornaments, including the precise placement of gemstones for a flawless finish.

How Vacuum Tweezers Work

The operation of vacuum tweezers relies on creating a differential air pressure to grip small objects. This system includes a body, a suction cup, and a vacuum pump, either built-in or externally connected.

1. The Vacuum Pump

The pump creates a low-pressure environment within the tweezers, enabling them to lift objects by reducing the air pressure inside the suction cup attached to the tweezer’s tip.

2. The Suction Cup

Designed to adapt to the low-pressure conditions generated by the pump, the suction cup can securely grip microscopic items.

3. Operation

By activating the vacuum pump, the air is evacuated from the suction cup, reducing its internal pressure and allowing the object to be lifted and moved with precision.

Selecting Vacuum Tweezers

Choosing the right vacuum tweezers involves considering several key factors.

1. Power Source

Options include electrically powered models for continuous use, though they may be restricted by power cables, and battery-powered models for portability, requiring periodic recharging.

2. Size and Ergonomics

The tool’s dimensions influence its usability and suitability for specific workspaces, with compact models offering advantages in limited spaces.

3. Vacuum Strength

The degree of vacuum impacts the tweezers’ gripping capability. A higher vacuum level provides stronger suction, essential for handling very fine objects, though excessive force may pose a risk of damage.

What Is an Insulation Board?

An insulation board is a material used primarily to prevent heat conduction. It is designed to block not only heat but, depending on the materials used, also electricity and sound transmission. Insulation boards play a crucial role in preventing heat from entering or escaping a building, thereby maintaining a constant interior temperature and reducing energy costs. These boards are lightweight, easy to handle, and efficient to install, making them ideal for both new construction and renovation projects. However, selecting the appropriate insulation board requires considering the building type, application, insulation performance, material, and thickness to ensure optimal choice. Despite the initial cost, insulation boards offer long-term savings through reduced energy expenses and extended durability.

Uses of Insulation Board

Insulation boards find applications across the building and industrial sectors, including:

1. Construction

Used within roofs to stabilize interior temperatures, insulation boards reduce heating and cooling costs. They can also be installed on exterior roof surfaces to enhance thermal insulation, though their external application should be thoughtfully designed to avoid impacting the building’s aesthetics.

2. Industrial

In industrial settings, insulation boards help manage temperature for processes and storage, improving efficiency in metallurgical plants, food processing facilities, and refrigerated warehouses by retaining desired temperatures.

3. Home Appliances

Within refrigerators and freezers, insulation maintains consistent temperatures, ensuring food and beverages are kept cool or frozen efficiently, thereby minimizing energy costs. Insulation is also used in heat-generating electronic equipment, such as high-performance computers and audio systems, to enhance cooling efficiency and prevent overheating.

Principle of Insulation Board

Insulation boards work by preventing or reducing heat conduction, controlling thermal energy transfer, and stabilizing indoor temperatures. They are made from materials with low thermal conductivity, such as polyurethane, polystyrene, glass wool, and cellulose fiber, effectively blocking heat transfer and minimizing indoor-outdoor temperature differences. Some insulation boards also reflect heat radiation, further reducing indoor temperature increases by reflecting solar heat.

Types of Insulation Board

Diverse types of insulation boards are available, each suited to specific applications:

1. Glass Wool

Made from fibrous glass, glass wool insulation boards offer fire resistance and superior acoustic control, commonly used in walls, ceilings, and floors as insulation panels.

2. Polyurethane Foam

Polyurethane foam boards provide high thermal insulation with a lightweight structure, ideal for buildings, freezers, and pipelines, and are available in various densities to suit different applications.

3. Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate boards are versatile, used in remodeling and as skylight covers to maintain indoor temperatures, especially during winter.

4. Polystyrene Foam

Available as expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS), polystyrene foam boards vary in density, water resistance, and compressive strength, making them suitable for insulating walls, floors, foundations, basements, and roof exteriors.