What Is a Mercury Analyzer?
A mercury analyzer is a tool used for detecting the presence and concentration of mercury in environmental or biological samples. Mercury, while naturally occurring, can be harmful to human health if ingested in amounts above the permissible limit.
In 2003, the 22nd United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Governing Council meeting highlighted the need for international efforts to curb mercury emissions, leading to the adoption of the “Minamata Convention On Mercury” by approximately 140 countries, with 92 countries, including the EU, signing the Convention.
Uses of Mercury Analyzers
Mercury analyzers play a vital role in industries where mercury was previously widely used. Today, its use is largely prohibited except in specific licensed products. The “Global Atmospheric Mercury Assessment” by UNEP in 2008 revealed that global mercury demand includes applications in small-scale gold mining, the manufacturing process of vinyl chloride monomer, the chlor-alkali industry, batteries, dental amalgam, measuring equipment, lighting, electrical equipment, and others.
Principles of Mercury Analyzers
Reliable mercury analysis requires proper sample collection and preparation, measurement methods tailored to the sample type, and careful solution preparation. Preventing external contamination, such as maintaining a clean laboratory and instruments, is crucial for accurate analysis. Distinguishing between total mercury, methylmercury, and inorganic mercury is essential for understanding mercury’s effects and its dynamics in the environment and the human body.
Reference materials for quality control and assurance of environmental and human samples are available from NIST, IAEA, NRCC, and NIES. Sample types include biological (fish and shellfish), water, sediment/soil, plant, and air samples for environmental testing, and hair, blood, urine, and umbilical cord samples for human testing.