What Is a Trailer?
A trailer is a non-powered vehicle designed to be towed by a powered vehicle, such as a tractor. Unlike tractors, which have engines and can move independently, trailers rely on the towing vehicle for movement. Typically, trailers are fixed in size and cannot be easily resized, allowing for various functionalities based on the type selected.
They usually have air-filled tires, but some models feature track systems for rough terrain. Tracked tractors that combine tires and tracks are also prevalent.
Uses of Trailers
Trailers are versatile and serve various purposes. In agriculture, for instance, combine trailers are used for harvesting crops, particularly in rice cultivation. Some advanced tractors, equipped with GPS for automatic driving, efficiently utilize trailers in large farm operations. With increasing tractor sizes, trailers have evolved to handle heavier loads and offer multiple functions.
Characteristics of Trailers
Advantages
Trailers facilitate easy loading and faster travel, significantly improving transportation efficiency, especially in agricultural tasks. They also offer tax benefits, as no weight tax is imposed on the cargo part, and using a single tractor to tow multiple trailers reduces overall taxes. Furthermore, trailers have a smaller turning radius compared to trucks, enabling easier maneuverability despite their length.
Disadvantages
However, the cost of acquiring trailers and the requirement for a towing license are notable drawbacks. Operating large special vehicles like agricultural tractors may also necessitate additional licensing.
Types of Trailers
Trailers are primarily classified into semi-trailers and full trailers, with variations such as double-decker trailers, pole trailers, tandem-steer trailers, and tilt-bed trailers.
1. Semi-Trailer
Common in Japan, semi-trailers lack front wheels and are designed for connection to a tractor. They can stand independently with support wheels on the ground and come in various body types, including container and tank types.
2. Full Trailer
Full trailers have both front and rear wheels, supporting most of their weight. They are classifiable into dolly-type and center-axle-type, with the former including a steering dolly and the latter having a central axle. Full trailers are less common in Japan but can transport larger volumes per trip compared to semi-trailers.
3. Double-Decker Trailer
A versatile trailer that can be towed from either end.
4. Pole Trailer
Used for transporting long items like rockets or railway vehicles.
5. Tandem-Steer Trailer
Features tires that turn in sync with the vehicle’s steering wheel.
6. Tilt-Bed Trailer
Allows for angle adjustment of the cargo bed, suitable for transporting wide items.