What Is Dehydroacetic Acid?
Dehydroacetic acid, a derivative of the heterocyclic compound pyrone, is denoted by the chemical formula C8H8O4. It is predominantly utilized in its sodium salt form and appears as a white, powdery solid at room temperature and pressure. This compound is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol, facilitating easy concentration adjustments via its sodium salt.
Uses of Dehydroacetic Acid
1. Pharmaceuticals
Known for its antimicrobial efficacy against various bacteria such as black mold and Staphylococcus aureus, dehydroacetic acid exhibits bacteriostatic properties against molds, yeasts, and gram-positive bacteria within an acidic range. It is incorporated as a pharmaceutical additive for base, disintegration, antiseptic, preservation, and dissolution in oral, topical, ophthalmic, and otolaryngological formulations.
2. Cosmetics
Due to its minimal irritation potential and antimicrobial activity, dehydroacetic acid is also used as a preservative in cosmetics, including makeup, skincare, and hair care products. The inclusion of dehydroacetic acid in cosmetic formulations is capped at 0.5g per 100g to ensure safety.
3. Food Products
As a food additive, it enhances the preservative qualities of fermented foods like butter, cheese, and margarine. While approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and the EU, its actual use in Japan is infrequent; however, it is specified that residual amounts in EU products should not exceed 500 mg per kg. It is also utilized in dog food preservatives, with the advisory to check ingredient labels for potential concerns.
Properties of Dehydroacetic Acid
Dehydroacetic acid is characterized as a white crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 208.14 and assigned CAS number 64039-28-7. Absent data on its melting point, flash point, or flammability, it remains stable under typical conditions but may degrade upon light exposure. Precautions should be taken to avoid high temperatures, direct sunlight, and reactive oxidizing agents, as it may decompose into hazardous gases like carbon monoxide and dioxide.
Other Information on Dehydroacetic Acids
1. Safety Precautions
Classified with class 4 acute toxicity (oral) by the GHS, it is harmful if ingested. Immediate actions include rinsing the mouth and contacting a poison center or physician. It is essential to wash thoroughly after handling to remove potential residues.
2. First Aid Measures
In cases of inhalation, seek fresh air promptly. If contact occurs with skin or eyes, wash the area with soap and water or rinse the eyes for several minutes, respectively. Medical attention should be sought if symptoms persist.
3. Handling Guidelines
Ensure work areas are well-ventilated and equipped with safety showers and eyewash stations. Protective gear such as dust-proof masks, gloves, and goggles should be worn during handling to prevent exposure.
4. Storage Recommendations
Dehydroacetic acid should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place away from light and strong oxidizers. Suitable containers include those made from polypropylene and polyethylene, and disposal should comply with national or local regulations.