What Is Alanine?
Alanine, an amino acid integral to proteins, is known by its IUPAC name (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid and abbreviated as Ala or A. Produced in the liver and synthesized from pyruvate, this nonessential amino acid is pivotal for energy production, glycogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and the metabolism of alcohol by aiding in the breakdown of acetaldehyde.
Uses of Alanine
1. Food Additives
Valued for its umami and sweet flavors, alanine serves as a food additive, enhancing or mitigating flavors in fish paste products, delicacies, pickles, prepared foods, and sake. It also supports alcohol consumption recovery by decomposing acetaldehyde and is believed to aid in hydration and skin health.
2. Cosmetic Additives
As a stabilizing agent, alanine finds application in various formulations, including oral, topical, and injectable pharmaceuticals, contributing to the stability of medicinal compounds.
Properties of Alanine
Alanine, specifically L-alpha-alanine, has a molecular formula of C3H7NO2 and a molecular weight of 89.09, with a CAS number of 56-41-7. It is a white, odorless powder with a sweet taste, showcasing a melting point of 250°C and decomposing at 297°C. Alanine is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, while nearly insoluble in organic solvents like diethyl ether and acetone.
Types of Alanine
While L-alpha-alanine is the most common form, D-alpha-alanine and beta-alanine also exist, each with unique properties and applications. Beta-alanine, notably different in its amino group’s position, lacks an enantiomer and serves in various biochemical roles.
Other Information on Alanine
1. How Alanine Is Produced
Alanine production involves asymmetric hydrolysis by microbial enzymes or enzymatic decarboxylation, with methods such as Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis also employed for its synthesis.
2. Handling and Storage Precautions
When dealing with alanine, avoid strong oxidizing agents and ensure proper protective measures are in place. In case of fire, skin contact, eye contact, or ingestion, follow recommended safety procedures. For storage, keep alanine in a cool, dark place within appropriate containers.