月: 2024年1月

What Is an FFKM?

FFKM is a high-performance elastomer (elastomer) that combines the characteristics of rubber and plastic.

It is also known as Perfluoroastomer, and it finds applications in various industries such as the chemical industry and medical devices. This material is highly valued in situations where stringent requirements must be met.

It can withstand extremely high temperatures, typically enduring temperatures of 300°C or higher. This makes it advantageous for use in high-temperature processes and environments. FFKM also exhibits high resistance to chemicals, acids, alkalis, and other corrosive substances, allowing stable use in corrosive environments. Additionally, it maintains elastic properties even under high pressure, making it suitable for pressure-sealing applications. Its excellent wear resistance allows it to maintain durability over extended periods, making it suitable for use in machinery devices like high-pressure pumps and seals.

Uses of FFKM

FFKM, with its high resistance, serves as a high-performance elastomer material used in various demanding environments. Here are some common applications of FFKM:

1. Chemical Industry

Due to its high chemical resistance, FFKM demonstrates excellent resistance to corrosive chemicals, acids, and alkalis. It is used in valves, packings, gaskets, and other components within chemical plants, preventing material degradation and leaks. FFKM is widely utilized in chemical reaction vessels at high temperatures, ensuring material stability and durability.

2. Oil & Gas Industry

FFKM is suitable for use in high-temperature and high-pressure environments, making it applicable in pipelines and gas processing equipment. It is used in well seals and pipeline connection seals, providing a material that can withstand harsh environments. In the gas industry, it is suitable for high-pressure gas supply systems and gas pressure regulation devices.

3. Semiconductor Industry

In the semiconductor industry, where high purity and cleanroom requirements are crucial, FFKM is often used to meet these specifications. It supports precise processes in components such as silicon wafer manufacturing equipment and gaskets. It is also employed in high-temperature plasma processing equipment.

4. Medical Devices

Many medical devices are exposed to high-temperature sterilization and potent chemicals, making FFKM’s high resistance essential. It is used in seals, O-rings, and other components of medical devices, enduring disinfection and cleaning processes. It is particularly suitable for components of high-temperature sterilization equipment used in surgical rooms and dental clinics.

Principles of FFKM

FFKM is made entirely from fully fluorinated compounds, where all hydrogen atoms within the molecule are replaced by fluorine atoms. This imparts exceptionally high chemical resistance, rendering it inert to many chemicals and solvents, and exhibiting resistance to corrosion. Furthermore, FFKM’s high-temperature resistance is attributed to the stabilization of molecular structure by fully fluorinated compounds, suppressing decomposition and degradation under high temperatures. This heat resistance is crucial for applications involving high-temperature processes or heat generation.

Its elasticity allows deformation under pressure in applications such as seals, packings, and O-rings, providing an effective sealing effect. Additionally, its excellent wear resistance ensures long-term performance maintenance.

How to Choose FFKM

When selecting FFKM, considering the required specifications and applications is crucial.

1. Heat Resistance

FFKM is suitable for use in high-temperature environments, generally enduring temperatures of 300°C or higher. Some products can withstand temperatures around 350°C. Considering the maximum temperature of the intended application, verifying the product’s heat resistance ensures the selection of the appropriate material.

2. Hardness

The hardness of FFKM products affects flexibility and pressure-sealing effectiveness. Hardness is measured in Shore A or Shore D hardness, and the optimal hardness is selected based on the application. Flexible products are suitable for pressure sealing, while harder products often exhibit high wear resistance.

3. Tensile Strength

Tensile strength indicates how strong a material is when subjected to tension. High tensile strength provides durability and reliability. When anticipating tensile loads in the application, considering tensile strength helps choose the right product.

What Is a TFT LCD?

A Thin-Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT LCD) is a liquid crystal display that utilizes thin-film transistors.

Widely employed in various electronic devices such as laptops and smartphones, it stands as a major choice in display technology. By utilizing thin-film transistors (TFT), it can control a large number of pixels, making it suitable for color displays that require higher pixel counts compared to monochrome displays.

Moreover, when combined with a touch panel, TFT LCDs can incorporate intuitive controls such as touch input and gesture input.

Uses of TFT LCD

TFT LCDs have been adopted in numerous applications due to their high resolution and color capabilities. Broadly categorized into consumer applications, sold as finished products, and industrial applications, sold as business-to-business (BtoB) products or embedded components, here are some key uses of TFT LCDs:

1. Consumer Applications (Products)

Used in products available for purchase by general consumers, such as smartphones, televisions, PCs, and car navigation systems. Particularly in high-end smartphone models, TFT LCDs with high resolution and brightness, incorporating the latest technology, are commonly used, making them the most cutting-edge display devices accessible to the general public.

2. Industrial Applications (Products)

In everyday products, they are used in devices like convenience store coffee machines, ATMs, and in-flight entertainment systems on aircraft. In less visible products, TFT LCDs are used in BtoB product displays for medical equipment, measuring instruments, production facilities, and more.

3. Industrial Applications (Components)

TFT LCDs are used in the production of consumer and industrial products as embedded components. Referred to as TFT LCD modules or TFT modules, these come in various types, ranging from ultra-small ones of less than 1 inch used in smart glasses to products exceeding 60 inches used in large TVs and digital signage. The most common application is for smartphones, accounting for approximately half of the worldwide shipment volume.

Principle of TFT LCD

The principle of TFT LCD is based on two main elements: liquid crystal and thin-film transistors (TFT).

1. Liquid Crystal

Liquid crystal is one of the states of matter that appears as an intermediate phase between liquid and solid (crystal). In some liquid crystals, applying voltage causes a change in the orientation of liquid crystal molecules, altering their optical properties. In a liquid crystal display, this change in optical properties, induced by applying voltage, is combined with a polarizing plate to control the transmission or blocking of light for each pixel.

2. Thin-Film Transistor (TFT)

The control methods for dot matrix-type liquid crystal displays, where pixels are arranged in a grid pattern, include passive matrix and active matrix methods. However, for liquid crystal displays with a high pixel count, the active matrix method is generally adopted.

In the active matrix method, at the intersections of scan lines (gate lines) and data lines (source lines), there are active elements, capacitors, and pixel electrodes arranged for each pixel. Typically, thin-film transistors (TFT) are used as active elements in the active matrix method, leading to displays being referred to as TFT LCDs.

Control of the applied voltage to pixels is achieved by sequentially scanning the gate lines to control the gate voltage and by controlling the ON/OFF between the source and drain of the pixel using the data lines. Even after the TFT is turned OFF, the state of the pixel is maintained until the next scan due to the charge stored in the capacitor.

How to Choose TFT LCD

When selecting TFT LCDs, several important factors need to be considered. Here are some examples of selection criteria:

1. Screen Size

Screen size is expressed in inches as the diagonal length of the display area, such as 2.4 inches or 10.1 inches. Even with similar inch sizes, the length of the sides may differ depending on the aspect ratio of the display. Therefore, confirmation of module dimensions and display area dimensions is necessary.

2. Resolution

Resolution refers to the number of pixels on the screen, expressed in terms of VESA standards like “QVGA,” common names like “4K,” or specific pixel counts like “800×600” or “1920×1080.” The combinations of available screen sizes and resolutions are somewhat limited, and generally, larger screen sizes have higher resolutions.

3. Type of LCD Panel

Usually, relatively small LCD panels up to around 15 inches use TN or IPS-type LCD panels. IPS-type LCD panels have a wider viewing angle compared to TN types.

4. Touch Panel

Touch panels are broadly divided into capacitive and resistive types. Capacitive touch panels are used in smartphones, while resistive touch panels are used in ATMs. The choice of whether to have a touch panel and the type depends on the application.

5. Interface

Commonly used video signal input interfaces include RGB, SPI, MIPI, LVDS, etc. When using a touch panel, consideration must also be given to its interface.

Even with identical specifications, the appearance of display devices may differ. Therefore, it is essential to physically confirm the display during the selection process.

What Is a Security Key?

A Security Key refers to a device or code used for information security and access control.

Functioning as evidence either in the form of a physical device or software-based, it enables authentication demands stronger than mere passwords. Access to accounts or systems is not permitted without the presence of a security key, thereby preventing unauthorized access and enhancing the security of accounts.

Additionally, the use of security keys alleviates the need for users to memorize complex passwords (passwordless), reducing the risk of weak passwords or reusing the same password across multiple services. This results in improved security and a decrease in issues associated with passwords.

However, there is the possibility of losing or having physical security keys stolen. In cases of loss or theft, swift measures need to be taken to protect access to accounts. In the event of a lost security key, understanding the account recovery process is crucial.

Uses of Security Key

Security keys are employed to strengthen information security and establish access control.

Cloud Services, Cloud Authentication Platforms

In companies providing cloud services or data storage services, it is common for users to use security keys to access their accounts.

Security keys control access to data stored in the cloud, contributing to the encryption and protection of data. Without a security key, access to the account is denied, thus maintaining the confidentiality of data.

Principle of Security Key

The principle of a security key is primarily based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and the authentication process. Public Key Infrastructure is an encryption method that uses two keys to encrypt and decrypt information. These two keys are known as the public key and the private key.

For each user or device, a security key is generated, and a pair of public and private keys is created. The public key is generally shared online, while the private key is securely stored within the user or device.

When a user attempts to log in or access a system, the service or system requests a security key. In response, the user provides either a physical security key or a software-based key. The service system uses the security key to generate random encrypted data, attempting to verify the encryption by using the private key.

Types of Security Key

The main types of security keys are as follows.

1. Multi-Factor Authentication Key

This is a security key (such as the FIDO security key) that combines multiple authentication factors to enhance account security. Two or more factors (possession, knowledge) are used. In addition to a password, methods include sending a one-time password to an email address.

2. Biometric Authentication Key

Biometric authentication keys, generated based on physical characteristics, authenticate users using their biometric information, providing high-security strength.

Fingerprint authentication scans the user’s fingerprint for authentication. Other methods include security keys that use facial recognition or voiceprints, among various types. Biometric authentication keys are used as an alternative to passwords (passwordless) and offer high authentication security.

3. USB Security Key

A USB security key is a physical device with embedded encryption. Users insert this device into a computer for use. USB security keys are based on public key cryptography and are used in login and authentication processes.

What Is an Energy Management System?

An Energy Management System is a system designed to monitor and control energy usage.

Specifically, it visualizes the usage of energy (mainly electricity) in places such as factories, office buildings, and homes, identifies inefficiencies in electricity usage (both in terms of time and location), and optimally controls power consumption. In the case of factories, it is utilized to monitor and control the power consumption of lighting, air conditioning, and machinery, allowing for a comprehensive understanding and optimization of power usage, ultimately reducing overall electricity consumption.

Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding allows for reducing basic charges and can be employed for demand control.

Uses of Energy Management System (EMS)

Energy Management Systems are increasingly used with the primary purpose of introducing the optimal utilization of renewable energy (such as solar and wind power) for preventing global warming and achieving carbon neutrality, contributing to the enhancement of corporate value.

In cases involving the use of renewable energy, where shortcomings like the instability of power generation exist, optimal monitoring and control are essential to compensate for these issues. The use of appropriately sized batteries according to the purpose enables optimal utilization. While solar power generation has become widespread through the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) system, there is a growing focus on self-consumption-type solar power generation. Schemes like Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) without initial investment are emerging, making renewable energy a continued influential choice.

Principle of Energy Management System (EMS)

Operational equipment and facilities are connected to a central monitoring system (computer) via a network to acquire data (pulses) for monitoring and control purposes.

In cases of using renewable energy, such as solar power, wind power, and biomass, along with storage batteries, each power generation device and storage battery are monitored. This enables the overall control to ensure a stable power supply. When generating more power than consumed, the excess is stored in the batteries. In times of insufficient power generation, the stored power is supplied, or power is purchased from a power supply company. These predetermined controls are implemented to ensure proper management.

Types of Energy Management System (EMS)

The nomenclature of EMS changes based on its application. Examples include:

• HEMS (Home Energy Management System): For residential use
• FEMS (Factory EMS): For factory use
• BEMS (Building EMS): For office building use

Moreover, when utilizing renewable energy, there are systems compiled by companies specializing in solar power, wind power, and biomass, battery-centric systems, distribution system-centric systems, and systems compiled by power supply companies.

How to Choose an Energy Management System (EMS)

Choosing an Energy Management System is crucial and should follow a process like the one outlined below:

1. Clarification of Issues

Understand energy usage patterns and identify areas requiring improvement. Specific goals and challenges, such as reducing electricity consumption waste or peak power reduction, should be clearly defined.

2. Partner Selection

Select a partner with expertise in energy management. Evaluate their track record, technical capabilities, service quality, and breadth, and choose a partner that aligns with the company’s needs.

3. Design and Construction

Collaborate with the selected partner to create a concrete plan for the design and construction of the EMS. Select, install, and configure the system according to the facility’s characteristics and requirements.

4. Operation and Improvement

After implementing the EMS, regularly monitor and analyze data to evaluate energy usage and its effects. Consider optimization and improvements in maintenance and operations as needed. Continuously strive for improvement. Share challenges and goals with the chosen partner, and receive proposals and designs for the EMS tailored to the company’s needs. Through collaboration with a partner aligned with the company’s needs, choose an effective Energy Management System.

What Is a Terminal Pin?

A terminal pin is a conductive metal pin used in electronic devices and circuits.

It is employed for transmitting electrical signals and supplying power between electronic devices. Known for its high reliability, it facilitates stable electrical connections. Well-designed and manufactured terminal pins withstand repeated connections and disconnections, providing longevity and reliability. Manufactured from highly conductive metals, these pins minimize signal loss and ensure high-quality electrical connections.

Moreover, terminal pins are typically attached to connectors and can be replaced as needed. This feature makes device repairs easy by allowing the replacement of malfunctioning pins.

However, incorrect installations may lead to connection issues or short circuits. Also, forcefully bending or twisting the pin can make the connection part more prone to damage.

Uses of Terminal Pin

The primary uses of terminal pins are as follows:

1. Office Automation (OA) Equipment

Terminal pins play a crucial role in connecting electronic devices. For example, on a computer motherboard, terminal pins are commonly used in RAM slots and expansion card slots. These pins facilitate the insertion of CPU and RAM modules, transmitting data and power.

2. Data Communication

Various types of terminal pins are involved in data communication. USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports are often used for data communication between computers and external devices like mice. Additionally, HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) ports transmit high-resolution video and audio signals, connecting display devices such as TVs and monitors to information processing devices.

3. Audio Devices

In audio devices, terminal pins like the 3.5mm headphone jack and RCA connectors are commonly used. The 3.5mm headphone jack, for instance, is frequently employed to connect smartphones or computers with audio devices such as headphones or speakers. It consists of three terminal pins for left and right audio signals and ground signals.

Principle of Terminal Pin

Terminal pins are connector components in electronic devices and circuits that enable the transmission of electrical signals and power. The principle of terminal pins is based on conveying electric current through conductive materials. Typically made from conductive metals, this is due to the ability of metals to allow electrons to move freely.

Commonly used metals include copper, aluminum, silver, and gold. Electric current is transmitted as electrons move within the metal. The contact surfaces are often coated or plated with conductive materials to reduce contact resistance. When connectors are engaged, the terminal pin contacts the corresponding pin in the opposite connector, allowing the transmission of electric current. This contact provides a highly reliable connection, minimizing signal loss.

How to Choose Terminal Pin

When selecting terminal pins, it is essential to consider the following selection criteria:

1. Current and Voltage

Pay attention to current capacity and rated voltage. Pins used for data transmission or power supply must have the capability to withstand the required current and voltage. Verify specifications and choose the appropriate pin accordingly.

2. Environmental Conditions and Durability

Consider the durability of terminal pins based on the usage environment. Factors like humidity, temperature, and vibration can affect pin performance. Choosing a coating or material with high durability is crucial.

3. Standards and Compatibility

If the connector or electronic device follows specific standards, selecting terminal pins that comply with those standards is important. Pins conforming to standards help avoid compatibility issues. Common connector standards, such as USB, HDMI, and RJ45, have specific terminal pins for each.

What Is a Plastic Magnet?

A plastic magnet refers to a magnet formed by mixing magnetic materials into plastic and molding the mixture.

The magnetic powders used in the mixture include not only ferrite magnets but also neodymium magnets (NdFeB), samarium cobalt magnets (SmCo), and samarium iron nitride magnets (SmFeN). Due to their small and lightweight nature, plastic magnets offer high performance and find applications in various fields.

Manufacturing plastic magnets involves using pellet-shaped (rice-sized granules) plastic resin and a mixture of several additives, similar to the injection molding of resins.

Uses of Plastic Magnet

The primary applications of plastic magnets include various sensors and motors in industrial products and home appliances, as well as magnet rollers (mag rolls) for even toner distribution, pumps, suction goods, audio-visual equipment devices, and more.

They are utilized internally in a wide range of products, and in recent years, they have found application in the drive systems of electric water pumps in hybrid and electric vehicles, EGR valves, gasoline shut-off valves, onboard sensors, and more.

Properties of Plastic Magnet

Advantages

Compared to sintered magnets, plastics offer flexibility with fewer cracks and fractures, and superior dimensional accuracy without the need for grinding compared to unsintered magnets. Plastic magnets allow molding into complex and specialized shapes, surpassing the capabilities of sintered magnets. The production process is minimal, resulting in shorter lead times compared to sintered magnets. Depending on the design, integral molding with metal shafts or plates, and other resin components is possible.

Moreover, unlike sintered magnets, where improvement in dimensional accuracy requires grinding, plastic magnets can achieve enhanced accuracy through cutting. While both plastic and sintered magnets exhibit dimensional variations due to expansion and contraction, the dimensional accuracy after processing is comparable. Although grinding can process magnets collectively, cutting requires individual magnet setups, making grinding more cost-effective.

Disadvantages

For the same ferrite magnets, plastic magnets are several times more expensive than sintered magnets. Additionally, due to the inclusion of resin, plastic magnets have lower magnetic force compared to sintered magnets. Depending on the resin used, changes in dimensions due to absorption of water or expansion/contraction during heating may occur. While there is a specific heat resistance temperature for the magnet itself, for plastic magnets, the heat resistance temperature of the plastic must also be considered.

Considerations such as plastic-specific warping and surface irregularities must be considered based on the shape. Depending on the shape, design, and mold configuration, the generation of burrs, bubbles, variation in magnet density, and cracking may occur. Designing requires knowledge of injection molding, magnetism, and specific knowledge of plastic magnets.

Other Information on Plastic Magnet

1. Types of Resins

Resin types include PA12 (Nylon 12), PA6 (Nylon 6), PPS (Polyphenylene sulfide), and others. Nylon 6 has high water absorption, so it is not combined with rare-earth magnets that may corrode. Since ferrite magnets use iron oxide (iron rust), the magnets themselves do not corrode.

2. Molding Methods

There are two molding methods: injection molding for thermoplastic resins and compression molding for thermosetting resins.

In the case of injection molding, pellets are first dried. Since nylon is hygroscopic, drying prevents hydrolysis of the resin in the molding machine and mold. Using dedicated molding machines and molds for plastic magnets, pellets are melted through heating and compression inside the injection molding machine cylinder. The molten resin containing magnets is poured into the mold in the machine using the machine’s screw. After pouring, the molten resin cools and solidifies in the mold, transferring the mold shape to produce the plastic magnet.

During this series of actions, there are isotropic and anisotropic molding methods, where the magnetic powder in the pellets is molded without magnetic field orientation in the mold and with magnetic field orientation, respectively.

3. Anisotropy and Isotropy

Magnetic polarity is broadly categorized into isotropy, where the orientation within the magnet is not aligned, allowing magnetization in any direction, and anisotropy, where magnetic force can be increased in a specific direction through magnetic field orientation. In terms of production, magnetic force is weaker in anisotropic magnets compared to isotropic magnets. Anisotropic magnets, through magnetic field orientation, can achieve higher magnetic force in a specific direction.

4. Magnetization (Polarization) Direction

For anisotropic magnetic field orientation, the direction of magnetization and polarization methods vary depending on the application and characteristics, such as axial (top-bottom-axis direction), radial (circumferential-radiation direction), and pole anisotropy. For isotropic magnets, magnetic orientation is achieved using a magnetization machine and magnetization yoke. While axial and radial products can be used as molded magnets, many are remagnetized after demagnetization in a radial or axial direction, making them anisotropic.

Regarding pole anisotropy, a magnetic field orientation device with a pre-designed pattern is incorporated into the mold, determining the orientation in the mold. Pole anisotropy is advantageous as plastic magnets are already magnetized according to the pattern, eliminating the need for additional magnetization.

What Is Soldering?

Soldering is a technique used to join metals or metals with other materials.

It involves melting metals with heat to achieve the bonding. Widely utilized in various fields, including electronic components and pipe joints, soldering creates robust and durable joints, providing high tensile and shear strength suitable for applications requiring resilience under high loads.

Soldering excels in applications requiring stability in high-temperature environments, making it advantageous for components and structures that need to withstand elevated temperatures. The choice of alloy allows for temperature adjustment during the joining process. Additionally, metals joined through soldering exhibit high sealing properties.

However, caution is essential due to the high temperatures involved in the process. Adequate attention is necessary when combustible materials are present in the vicinity, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a clean working area to minimize the risk of fire.

Uses of Soldering

The primary uses of soldering include:

1. Air Conditioning Units

Soldering is frequently employed in the joining of refrigerant pipes and piping in air conditioning equipment. This ensures efficient circulation of the refrigerant, contributing to the effectiveness of the cooling process. Soldering is also applied in the jointing of ducts.

2. Automotive Industry

Repairing body panels and frame sections of automobiles often requires soldering for joining metal components. This robust joining technique allows for the solid connection of parts and facilitates the repair of damaged areas. In the automotive engine cooling system, soldering is commonly used to join pipes in radiators and heat exchangers.

3. Jewelry Making

In the production of jewelry, precious metals such as gold and silver are joined using soldering to create necklaces, earrings, and other accessories. Soldering is also utilized in jewelry repairs, enabling the restoration of broken parts and the reuse of jewelry items.

4. Electronic Components

Electronic components like ICs and capacitors are soldered onto electronic circuit boards. This process forms electronic circuits, enabling the transmission of electrical signals. Soldering is also employed in the connection of cables and wires within electronic devices. However, in electronic components, low-temperature soldering is often preferred.

Principle of Soldering

Soldering is a common joining technique for metal components. The soldering process begins with controlling the temperature to heat metal components to the appropriate level for joining. Typically, a burner or torch is used to heat the metal components to the appropriate temperature range (approximately 450°C to 900°C).

Flux plays a crucial role in the soldering process. It removes oxides from the metal surface and helps the solder spread evenly over the metal surface. This facilitates strong bonding.

After applying flux to the properly controlled temperature metal components, solder is applied. Solder often comes in the form of wires or bars and melts when heat is applied. The application of solder to the joint allows the metal components to bond.

Once the solder has adhered properly to the metal components and they are joined, the assembly is cooled. Solder solidifies rapidly upon cooling, ensuring a secure joint. Care must be taken not to move the components during the cooling process.

Types of Soldering

There are various types of soldering based on the metal materials used. Here are examples:

1. Silver Soldering

This method involves joining metal components using an alloy predominantly composed of silver. Silver offers high conductivity and corrosion resistance, providing high-quality joints. It is widely used in the manufacturing of electronic components, precision instruments, and medical devices.

2. Aluminum Soldering

Soldering that utilizes aluminum alloy for joining. Aluminum possesses high thermal conductivity, is lightweight, and has corrosion resistance, making it suitable for applications in automobiles and aircraft. However, due to its high melting point, high-temperature soldering is required.

3. Phosphor Copper Soldering

This soldering method uses copper with added phosphorus for joining. Different ratios of phosphorus result in varied characteristics that can be adjusted to meet specific joint requirements. It exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, making it advantageous for use in marine environments and outdoor applications.

4. Gold Soldering

Soldering involves joining metal components using gold. Gold is highly resistant to oxygen and moisture, making it less prone to rust or corrosion. Additionally, it has an aesthetically pleasing appearance, making it suitable for jewelry and decorative item fabrication.

What Is a 2D Barcode Reader?

A 2D Barcode Reader is a device designed to scan two-dimensional barcode information.

Barcodes are employed to encode various data, including product information and URLs. Barcode readers can scan these barcodes, capture the data, and transmit it to a computer system.

While 1D barcodes, the typical barcodes, are used to represent information such as product prices and identification details, 2D barcodes encode information not only vertically but also horizontally, allowing them to store more data. They can include data such as text, URLs, and images.

Furthermore, some 2D barcodes feature error correction capabilities, enabling the accurate restoration of information even if parts of the data are damaged. This makes it possible to read barcodes even when they are slightly damaged. Real-time updates are also possible in case the information is modified, proving beneficial in scenarios like inventory management and access control.

Uses of 2D Barcode Reader

2D Barcode Readers are versatile technologies applicable to a wide range of uses. Here are some common examples of the general applications of 2D Barcode Readers:

1. Retail

In the retail industry, they are primarily used for inventory management. Scanning product barcodes allows for obtaining detailed product information. Additionally, reading barcodes at the point of sale enables accurate and swift payment processing.

2. Logistics

In the logistics industry, attaching 2D barcodes to parcels and pallets facilitates quick tracking. Scanning barcodes records shipping and delivery statuses, ensuring precise inventory management. This minimizes inventory discrepancies and enhances overall supply chain efficiency.

3. Conferences and Events

In events and conferences, they contribute to participant management and security enhancement. Participants receive barcodes during registration, and scanning these barcodes upon entry grants access. This allows for individual authentication of attendees and prevents unauthorized access.

4. Food Industry

2D barcodes provide information on product origin and expiration dates in the food industry. Scanning product barcodes allows for obtaining detailed information on food safety and quality. They contribute to inventory management, traceability, and ensuring the safety of the food supply chain.

Principle of 2D Barcode Reader

The principle of a 2D Barcode Reader involves using a camera or image sensor to optically read the pattern of the barcode. This information is then converted into digital data and transferred.

Typically, light sources like LEDs or lasers are required to read barcodes. These light sources are used to generate contrast between black and white on the barcode. When light hits the barcode, it reflects, and the intensity of the reflected light generates different signals.

The 2D barcode reader is equipped with a camera or image sensor. This device captures the reflected light from the barcode, acquiring it as an image. The captured image is analyzed using image processing algorithms, allowing for the extraction of a clear image.

After image processing, algorithms are applied to identify and decode the pattern of the barcode. The decoded data is extracted in formats such as text or numbers. The decoded data is usually interpreted by the processor inside the reader and converted into the output format.

How to Choose a 2D Barcode Reader

When selecting a 2D Barcode Reader, several important factors need to be considered. Here are some key selection criteria:

1. RFID Performance

RFID performance impacts reading range and accuracy. Choose a reader suitable for the required reading distance. Also, if precise data acquisition is essential, a high-accuracy reader is necessary. Additionally, choose a reader that supports the required RFID standards, as different standards may be applicable depending on the industry or use case.

2. Dust and Waterproof Performance

Dust and waterproof performance significantly affect the reader’s usability in different environments. Check the IP rating of the product, which consists of two numbers indicating dustproof and waterproof performance. A higher IP rating indicates superior durability. For example, an IP67-rated reader provides complete protection against dust and can withstand temporary immersion in water.

3. Power Source

There are battery-powered and wired-powered readers. Battery-powered readers offer high portability and can be used on the go, but attention must be paid to battery life. Wired-powered readers are suitable for continuous use and eliminate the hassle of battery replacement. Choose based on the specific needs and use cases of your application.

What Is a Wireless Barcode Reader?

A Wireless Barcode Reader is an electronic device that utilizes wireless technology to read barcodes.

Employed in various applications such as efficient inventory management and tracking, it proves to be a convenient tool that enhances business processes. Due to its wireless nature, it allows for freedom of movement while scanning barcodes. Particularly suitable for operations in large areas or within substantial buildings, it facilitates the smooth and accurate execution of tasks requiring physical verification, such as inventory audits.

Moreover, many wireless barcode readers can integrate with mobile applications operating on smartphones or tablets. This integration enables tasks like data collection and inventory management to be seamlessly conducted using mobile devices.

However, given the prevalent use of battery power, regular charging and battery replacement are necessary to ensure longevity and readiness for extended usage periods.

Uses of Wireless Barcode Reader

Wireless Barcode Readers find applications across various fields, contributing to improved efficiency and accuracy. The primary uses include:

1. Retail

In the retail industry, they are utilized for in-store inventory management, sales processing, and restocking activities. Additionally, they can support promotional activities by scanning coupons or barcodes from customers’ smartphones.

2. Logistics

In logistics and warehouse management, these readers are essential for processes like shipping and inventory tracking. This ensures the swift and accurate acquisition of information, enabling proper inventory management.

3. Manufacturing

In manufacturing, they aid in tracking components, reading work instructions, and contributing to efficiency gains on the production line, allowing for product traceability.

4. Food Industry

In the food industry, reading product barcodes containing information like manufacturing dates and expiration dates is crucial. Wireless barcode readers are employed to ensure quality control and food safety.

Principle of Wireless Barcode Reader

While the basic principle of a wireless barcode reader is similar to a wired barcode reader, the method of data transfer differs. These readers commonly use optical sensors and wireless communication technology.

Barcode readers use light sources and light sensors to read black and white barcode lines printed on the barcode. The black stripes on the barcode absorb light, while the white stripes reflect light. Typically, LED light sources are integrated into the reader, and this light is projected onto the barcode.

The light reflected from the barcode is received by light sensors, allowing them to read the pattern of stripes on the barcode. Interpreting this barcode pattern results in the extraction of data.

Wireless barcode readers transmit the read data to connected devices, such as computers or smartphones, using wireless communication technologies like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. This enables the immediate transfer of barcode data from the reader to the device. The receiving device processes the information extracted from the barcode using the appropriate application and executes the necessary actions.

How to Choose a Wireless Barcode Reader

When selecting a wireless barcode reader, several crucial factors need to be considered. Here are some key selection criteria:

1. Communication Range

Consider the distance between the barcode reader and the connected device. In environments like warehouses or large retail spaces, a long communication range may be necessary. Communication range specifications are often provided in the product’s specifications.

2. Operating Time

As wireless barcode readers are often battery-powered, the continuous operating time is crucial. In environments where long operation times or challenging battery replacement is a concern, a reader with extended battery life is essential. Checking battery capacity and charging time is also important.

3. Dust and Waterproofing

Depending on the usage environment, dustproofing and waterproofing may be necessary. Select a model with high dustproofing for use in warehouses or factories, and consider waterproofing if used outdoors. These features are often indicated by IP rating codes.

4. Wireless Frequency

Wireless barcode readers use different wireless frequencies like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Consider the usage environment and potential interference with existing wireless networks. Choose an appropriate frequency band to mitigate interference and ensure optimal performance.

What Is a Bargate?

A Bargate is a rod-shaped gate installed at the boundary of roads or premises to control the passage of vehicles.

In areas such as parking lots, facilities, and the entrances/exits of toll roads, the entry and exit of vehicles need to be managed. This involves controlling access for non-permitted vehicles, collecting parking fees or tolls, and, therefore, necessitates the installation of gates at the boundaries of these facilities to regulate the movement of vehicles.

While effectively controlling vehicle passage, the advantages of Bargates include their ability for swift opening and closing, and they do not obstruct the passage of pedestrians. As a result, Bargates are widely used in various facilities.

Uses of Bargate

Bargates are installed at entrances and exits of parking lots in commercial facilities, hospitals, public facilities, apartment complexes, entrances to toll roads, and facilities such as factories and laboratories. The purposes of installation include collecting parking fees and tolls, as well as preventing the entry of non-permitted vehicles.

1. Commercial Facilities and Public Facilities

In general parking lots of commercial and public facilities, Bargates are used at entrances and exits to collect parking fees. The gate opens upon receiving a parking ticket from a ticket dispenser near the entrance Bargate. Similarly, at the exit of the parking lot, after payment of the parking fee, the gate opens, allowing vehicles to exit.

2. Toll Roads

At the entrances and exits of toll roads, Bargates open upon the exchange of toll tickets and payment. In Japan, with the widespread use of ETC (Electronic Toll Collection), ETC gates automatically open and close based on information from the ETC card inserted into the ETC onboard unit. Toll charges are settled later through means such as credit cards.

3. Apartment Parking Lots

In parking lots of apartments, Bargates are primarily installed to prevent illegal parking by external parties. Only vehicles equipped with a remote key can enter the parking lot. Temporary visitors, wishing to park in the designated space, contact the resident for remote gate opening.

Principle of Bargate

One end of the Bargate rod is connected to the movable part that opens and closes the gate, while the other end rests on a support pillar when the gate is closed.

Gate opening and closing are typically performed by an electric motor. The electric motor operates in coordination with ticket dispensers and payment machines for parking fees.

Some Bargates are linked to a license plate recognition system. The license plate recognition system uses a camera near the Bargate to read the vehicle’s license plate. In parking lots where only authorized vehicles can enter, the gate opens if the license plate of the approaching vehicle matches the permitted ones in the database.

When using a license plate recognition system in a paid parking lot, the issued parking ticket is linked to the recognized vehicle’s license plate. If the user has paid the parking fee at the pre-payment machine, the Bargate at the exit, following instructions from the license plate recognition system, automatically opens.

Types of Bargates

Generally, Bargates are rod-shaped, made of aluminum or carbon fiber, with a length of around 2 to 3 meters. While usually a single rod, in cases where the open height hits the facility’s ceiling, they may have joints to bend in the middle. In locations requiring faster opening and closing, such as the entrance and exit of toll roads, they may be of the double-opening type with support pillars on both sides.

Some Bargates have signs, reflective mirrors, or lighting. For exits of parking lots or toll roads, there might be signs on the Bargate to prevent unintentional vehicle entry. In underground parking lots or during nighttime, to prevent vehicle collisions due to oversight of the Bargate, some are equipped with reflective materials or lighting.

Additionally, there are aesthetically designed Bargates or those adorned with decorations like illuminations, contributing to the improvement of the facility’s image.

How to Choose Bargate

Modern Bargates are mostly electric and interact with some systems. In the case of paid parking lots or toll roads, they are linked with systems that include ticket or toll payment machines. Furthermore, when integrating with systems such as camera-based vehicle recognition or ETC, the system becomes more extensive and complex.

When installing a Bargate, specifications, reliability, and maintenance are crucial. Additionally, a strategic approach to system integration and the choice of an integrator are equally important for successful operation.