月: 2023年2月

What Is a Shovel?

A shovel, particularly the “sword shovel,” is a tool designed for a range of tasks in civil engineering and agriculture, resembling a tapered sword in shape. Known for its angled tip, it excels at digging soil and cutting through tree roots, contrasting with square shovels that are better suited for scooping and mixing soil.

Uses of Shovels

Shovels are versatile, used for tasks like excavating soil, moving soil, planting trees, and digging up vegetables. The sword shovel, with its sharp tip, is particularly effective for heavy-duty work such as digging holes, cutting roots, and even preparing trenches for fire breaks or outdoor activities.

Features of Shovels

Advantages

• Efficient for digging and moving large soil areas thanks to its broad, sword-shaped head.
• Made from durable materials like steel, ensuring longevity and rust resistance.
• Multi-functional, capable of various tasks beyond digging, such as consolidating soil.

Disadvantages

• Their weight (around 1.5 kg) can make them cumbersome for prolonged use.
• Due to their length (80-100 cm), they may pose storage challenges in limited spaces.
• The wide head limits their use in detailed work or tight spaces.

Types of Shovels

Shovels come in several forms, including common sword shovels, folding shovels for portability, perforated shovels for watery soil, and multifunctional shovels with integrated tools like saws and hammers.

How to Select Shovels

Choose a shovel based on the intended use, preferring durable stainless steel and sturdy handles. Consider the price, balancing quality within your budget, and pay attention to reviews and ratings.

How to Use Shovels

Using a shovel involves sticking its blade into the soil, leveraging your foot for depth, and lifting the soil. Efficiency is key but watch for obstacles like stones that might bend the blade.

Other Information on Shovels

Handle with care due to sharp edges, ensure the area is clear of others, wear gloves, maintain the blade, and store properly to prevent rust.

What Is Neoprene?

Neoprene is a type of synthetic rubber developed by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont) in Germany. It is known for its excellent waterproofing, heat insulation, and heat retention properties. Neoprene also offers remarkable cushioning, making it a versatile material in various industries.

Historically used in products like tires and wetsuits, neoprene has gained popularity in recent years in the outdoor and fashion sectors due to its unique material characteristics. However, it does have some drawbacks, such as lack of breathability and the requirement for hand-washing.

Uses of Neoprene

Neoprene is widely recognized for its application in wetsuits, where its water resistance, heat retention, elasticity, and abrasion resistance are particularly advantageous. In the realm of outdoor activities, it’s used for gear in fishing, motorcycling, and camping, as well as thermal gloves, socks, and boots designed for agricultural work.

In the fashion industry, neoprene has found its way into the design of bags and clothing. Additionally, it’s being utilized in new areas like tablet and computer cases, as well as cases for plastic bottles.

What Is a Chelated Nutritional Iron Compound?

A chelated nutritional iron compound is a type of chelating agent formulated to supply iron to plants, an essential element for their growth. Iron is crucial for chlorophyll production in plants, which is necessary for photosynthesis and energy production. When plants lack iron, their ability to produce energy is significantly hindered, leading to stunted growth.

To address iron deficiency, chelated iron compounds, such as EDTA-Fe (iron chelated with EDTA), are used. These compounds enhance iron absorption in plants, ensuring they receive the necessary nutrients for healthy growth.

Uses of Chelated Nutritional Iron Compounds

Chelated nutritional iron compounds are primarily used to provide iron to plants. They are commonly available as yellow powder, which is first dissolved in water to create a concentrated stock solution. This solution is then diluted to the required concentration and applied as a fertilizer to nourish plants.

When preparing the solution, it’s important to refer to the specific product’s instructions for the correct dilution ratio. Additionally, it’s essential to monitor and adjust the pH level of the solution, as plants are less efficient at absorbing iron in alkaline conditions.

What Is a Sandbag?

A sandbag is a bag filled with sand or other materials, commonly tied shut to contain its contents. Initially used as civil engineering materials for emergency flood control and at construction sites, sandbags have also found extensive use as agricultural materials due to their strength and durability.

Uses of Sandbags

In agriculture, sandbags serve multiple purposes. They are used to control water in rice paddies, either by creating waterlogged conditions or enabling drainage. Sandbags also help repair and reinforce agricultural waterways. Due to their robustness and lightweight, they are convenient for harvesting vegetables, collecting garbage, and storing tools. Hemp sandbags, known for their high breathability, are excellent for storing root vegetables like potatoes, onions, and rice. Additionally, they can be used to grow vegetables and flowers by adding soil to bags with drainage holes.

Types of Sandbags

• Hemp Sandbags: Known for their high air permeability, hemp sandbags were more common in the past. They are versatile and used for bag cultivation, tool storage, and preserving root vegetables.
• Polyethylene Sandbags: Most modern sandbags are made from polyethylene. These are lightweight, cost-effective, and suitable for large-scale preparation. However, they are sensitive to UV rays, and for prolonged outdoor use, black sandbags with UV inhibitors are recommended.

How to Select Sandbags

When selecting sandbags, consider the size, typically 20 to 25 inches for ease of handling. The standard capacity is about 55 lb, with some sandbags marked at this weight for convenience. Choose the type based on the intended use, considering factors like size, material (hemp or polyethylene), and UV resistance if necessary.

Features of Sandbags

• Advantages: While primarily used for water control, sandbags’ versatility extends to agriculture. Hemp sandbags, for instance, are suitable for bag cultivation of plants due to their breathability. Sandbags can also store vegetables or gardening tools.
• Disadvantages: Despite their utility, sandbags may not be suitable for long-term installation due to durability concerns and potential water leakage. Physical effort is also required for their placement and management.

Other Information on Sandbags

Highly absorbent sandbags are an alternative when traditional sediment is scarce. These expand upon soaking in water and are lighter than conventional sandbags, making them suitable for emergency flood control and compact storage for household disaster preparedness.

What Is a Spreader?

A spreader is a tool used for evenly distributing fertilizers, chemicals, and other substances across farmland and crops. Unlike sprayers, spreaders can handle various materials, including liquids, solids, and slurries. They come in multiple forms, from manual and battery-operated handheld devices to larger, tractor-pulled or self-propelled units.

Uses of Spreaders

Spreaders are versatile in agricultural settings, and used for applying pesticides, soil conditioners, and fertilizers. They are also employed for sowing seeds and in rice paddy cultivation for efficient, economical operation without directly entering the field. Additionally, their blowers can be used to clear lightweight materials like fallen leaves.

Principle of Spreaders

Spreaders work by pressurizing a fluid via a pump or fan, and then discharging the desired material through a nozzle to cover the target area. The distance and efficiency of spreading vary based on the material’s characteristics and the equipment’s nozzle and hose design.

Types of Spreaders

• Back-Mounted Power Spreaders: Integrated tank and engine units worn on the back, using engine-driven fans to spread materials over a wide area. They accommodate various materials by changing nozzles and are available in different engine and tank sizes.
• Manual Spreaders: Non-powered machines that rely on manual operation to spread materials. Suitable for small-scale applications, these spreaders are lightweight but limited in capacity and range.

Choosing the right spreader involves considering the scale of the job, material type, and the physical effort required for operation. Spreaders facilitate efficient farming practices by allowing precise and uniform application of essential substances across agricultural lands.

What Is Reflective Sheeting?

Reflective sheeting is an agricultural material designed to reflect sunlight, enhancing plant growth, fruit sugar content, and coloration while controlling pests. Thin as 0.2 mm, it’s known by various names based on its features, such as sunlight reflective sheet and aluminum reflective sheet.

Uses of Reflective Sheeting

This versatile sheeting benefits vegetables, fruits, grains, and more, in both greenhouse and open-air cultivation. It’s placed beneath plants like tomatoes and strawberries to improve sunlight exposure, and used for young rice seedlings to prevent sunburn.

Features of Reflective Sheeting

Advantages

• Enhances plant growth and fruit coloration by reflecting light to the underside of plants.
• Repels insect pests such as thrips and whiteflies with its reflective properties.
• Prevents disease and promotes crop health by distributing light evenly.
• Increases crop yields by supporting growth and reducing pest and disease damage.

Disadvantages

• Effectiveness decreases during prolonged rainy weather due to reduced sunlight reflection.
• Non-durable sheeting may tear if laid in high-traffic areas of the field.
• Some sheeting materials may be difficult to clean if stained.

Types of Reflective Sheeting

Reflective sheeting comes in materials ranging from non-woven fabrics to combinations of polyester and aluminum. It’s available in white and silver, with white offering broader light diffusion and heat shielding, and silver providing high reflectance for fruit coloration and pest control.

How to Choose Reflective Sheeting

Selection should be based on use, with sizes varying from 65 cm to 150 cm in width and 50 m to 100 m in length. Lifespan is typically 3 to 4 years, and durability and stain resistance are key factors to consider, especially for larger agricultural operations.

What Is Diesel Oil?

Diesel oil, a specific type of engine oil, is designed for lubrication in diesel engines. Unlike gasoline engine oil, diesel oil can also be used in gasoline engines, but not vice versa. Its use is crucial for the lubrication of cylinders and pistons, ensuring the engine operates smoothly.

Uses of Diesel Oil

Primarily used in diesel engines of automobiles, ships, construction equipment, generators, and agricultural machinery such as tractors and combines, diesel oil is vital for its high fuel efficiency and torque, especially in large ships and fishing boats.

Characteristics of Diesel Oils

Diesel oil is known for its high alkaline content and clean dispersants, which neutralize acids and manage the sulfur content’s oxidation compounds, preventing engine corrosion.

Advantages

• High stability under heat and pressure, promoting safe driving and engine performance.
• Supports strong torque for better acceleration and hill driving.
• High viscosity reduces engine friction and wear, enhancing long-term performance.

Disadvantages

• In cold temperatures, diesel oil’s high viscosity can impair fluidity and make engine starting difficult.
• Diesel oil tends to deteriorate faster than gasoline oil, necessitating more frequent changes.

How to Select Diesel Oils

When selecting diesel oil, consider the engine’s specific requirements for viscosity and specifications over the oil’s grade. Higher-grade oils generally offer better durability and fuel efficiency.

Other Information on Diesel Oils

1. Viscosity of Engine Oil

The viscosity and grade of engine oils, including diesel oil, follow the SAE standards. The viscosity is indicated by numbers like 0W-20 or 10W-40, where the first number indicates low-temperature viscosity and the second high-temperature viscosity.

2. Engine Oil Grade

Engine oil grades are indicated by API standards, with diesel oils beginning with “C” and improving in quality from CA onwards. Agricultural machinery often uses CD or CF standards, while heavy trucks may use CF-4. The JASO standard, applied in Japan, focuses on high-temperature oxidation resistance for diesel engines.

What Is an Earth Boring Drill?

An earth boring drill is a specialized tool for digging holes in the ground, constructed from durable materials like steel or iron. These drills come in electric and manual variants, catering to various needs in agriculture, home gardens, and more.

Uses of Earth Boring Drills

These drills are versatile tools used across several fields, including agriculture, livestock management, and horticulture. They are essential for preparing holes for posts, fences, and structures, with specific applications such as:

• Creating pipe burial holes for plastic greenhouses
• Drilling holes for crop poles and rain shelters
• Setting up electric and ranch fences
• Planting trees
• Making fertilizer and watering holes for trees
• Installing sunshade parasol posts

Additionally, they assist in mixing fertilizers and removing tree roots.

Features of Earth Boring Drills

Advantages

Earth boring drills facilitate easy drilling in hard soils, with designs that collect excavated soil for cleaner work. They are user-friendly, making them suitable for beginners and preventing soil from remaining in the drilled holes.

Disadvantages

The primary challenges include potential blade damage from hitting underground rocks or bedrock and difficulty drilling in very hard soils, especially with manual types. Engine-equipped models offer more power but require familiarity with their operation.

Types of Earth Boring Drills

Earth boring drills are categorized into three main types:

• Drill-Coupled Type: Attached to electric drills, versatile for various tasks, including gardening and greenhouse setups.
• Manual Integrated Type: A T-shaped, all-in-one drill, suitable for softer soils and available in spiral and rod types for different drilling actions.
• Engine-Equipped Type: Powered by mixed fuel for more significant, deeper holes, ideal for challenging terrains and large-scale projects.

How to Select Earth Boring Drills

The selection depends on the task’s nature and the soil condition. Drill-coupled types are quick and efficient for numerous pre-holes, manual types are suited for fewer, less demanding holes, and engine types are best for hard ground or extensive planting.

Other Information on Earth Boring Drills

When purchasing, ensure the drill’s shaft diameter fits your electric drill. Consider the soil type to choose between single and double-groove drills, with single grooves better for rough or sandy soils and double grooves for clay.

What Is Mechanics’ Glove?

Mechanics’ gloves are designed to protect hands from injuries during hazardous tasks, such as automotive maintenance or operating machinery. They range from disposable gloves for tasks like cooking or cleaning to more durable, protective types for activities such as motocross competitions. Special treatments on these gloves enhance grip, making them ideal for working with oil and grease in industries like steel and nonferrous metal manufacturing.

Uses of Mechanics’ Gloves

These gloves serve various purposes, including defense, water resistance, cold protection, and heat resistance. Waterproof gloves are favored for tasks involving water, while gloves with protective features are chosen for motorcycle riding or hazardous fieldwork. Heat-resistant gloves, often made of silicone, are popular for outdoor cooking and activities.

Features of Mechanics’ Gloves

Advantages

Mechanics’ gloves offer protection from injury and dirt. Specialized finishes, such as enhanced grip or heat resistance, facilitate safer and more efficient work. Disposable types allow for easy cleanup and efficiency in tasks prone to mess.

Disadvantages

Some gloves can be expensive and prone to damage under certain conditions. Additionally, potential allergic reactions to glove materials warrant caution before use.

Types of Mechanics’ Gloves

Different types of mechanics’ gloves are suited to various tasks:

• Disposable Type: Made of vinyl or rubber, these gloves are thin and ideal for tasks that require quick disposal after use. They are not recommended for hazardous work due to their thin construction.
• Non-Slip Type: These gloves feature a non-slip surface on the palms to reduce the risk of dropping items, offering a balance of protection and grip.
• Non-Slip with Pad: Featuring a pad on the back and a non-slip palm, these gloves provide a combination of safety and functionality.
• Protective Type: Suitable for motorcycle use and dangerous tasks, these gloves include protectors and offer high durability and impact resistance.
• Heat-Resistant Type: Ideal for handling fire or high temperatures during outdoor activities, these gloves prevent burns and offer protection against minor shocks.
• Thermal-Resistant Type: Designed for cold environments, these gloves have a thick lining to prevent cold penetration.
• Waterproof Type: Useful in wet conditions or for tasks involving liquids, such as oil changes.

How to Choose Mechanics’ Gloves

When selecting mechanics’ gloves, consider the functionality needed for the intended task. Factors such as special features, required durability, and price should guide your choice. Ensuring a proper fit is also crucial to prevent accidents during work.

How to Use Mechanics’ Gloves

While most gloves can be simply put on, some may require adjustment to ensure a secure fit. Always choose the correct size to avoid gloves coming off during work, as this can pose a safety risk.

What Is a Silver Sheet?

Silver sheet, also known as silver poly, is a light-reflective material made of multiple layers of aluminum encased between polyethylene films. It is widely utilized in agriculture to enhance light availability and control soil temperature.

Applications of Silver Sheets

Silver sheets are employed to address insufficient light, enhance fruit coloring, manage soil temperature, deter pests, conserve heat and moisture, and prevent sunburn, among other uses.

1. Elimination of Light Deficiency

In agricultural settings, especially greenhouses, silver sheets are laid on the ground to reflect light. This reflected light aids in the growth and nutrient production of plant leaves, enhancing overall plant development.

2. Coloring of Fruits

Orchards utilize silver sheets to expose fruits to diffuse reflected light, improving their color and sugar content through increased production of sugars and anthocyanins.

3. Heat Retention and Sunburn Prevention

Silver sheets are also used in rice seedling cultivation for warmth and protection against sunburn.

Features of Silver Sheets

Advantages

These sheets repel insect pests like aphids and thrips through light reflection and suppress weeds, reducing the need for mowing and chemical treatments. They are also less sticky and more breathable than common agricultural films.

Disadvantages

However, silver sheets are costlier than other mulch types, and require sun protection for workers due to reflected light, and their effectiveness depends on the material thickness. Post-harvest, removal can be labor-intensive if the sheet is torn or covered with soil.

Types of Silver Sheets

Silver sheets are available in standard widths and thicknesses, catering to various agricultural needs. Their durability and water permeability vary by manufacturer, with some designed specifically for rice seedling cultivation or to shade certain crops.

How to Select Silver Sheets

Selection should consider the crop type, planting method, and ridge dimensions, ensuring the sheet covers the intended area without excess that could lead to damage.

Installation of Silver Sheets

Proper installation involves preparation, stretching, and securing the sheets, especially in open fields where wind can pose a challenge. Ensuring an even surface on the ridges before installation promotes uniform crop growth. Securely anchoring the sheet at both ends and covering the edges with soil can prevent displacement and damage.