What Is a Thermal Cycler?
A thermal cycler is a laboratory device used to perform the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, essential for DNA amplification. It meticulously controls the temperature cycle between approximately 50°C and 100°C, necessary for each step of the PCR process, thereby acting as both a temperature regulator and an incubator.
Uses of Thermal Cyclers
Thermal cyclers are pivotal for temperature regulation in PCR applications, primarily in molecular biology and medical research fields. The device has transformed PCR into a more efficient process by eliminating the need for manual temperature adjustments and timing measurements that were required before its development.
Principles of Thermal Cyclers
The core of a thermal cycler is a metal plate with wells, known as a thermal block, designed to hold tubes filled with reaction mixtures. Temperature control programs cause the plate’s temperature to fluctuate, heating or cooling the reaction mixture as needed. Modern thermal cyclers often utilize peltier elements, which offer more efficient temperature regulation by changing the electric current’s direction.
Types of Thermal Cyclers
Selection of a thermal cycler should consider accuracy in temperature control and uniformity across thermal blocks. Features vary across models:
1. Thermal Cyclers With Multiple Thermal Blocks
These allow for independent temperature settings for each block, catering to diverse experimental needs.
2. Thermal Cycler for Real-Time PCR
Integrating a fluorescence detector, this type facilitates real-time PCR by enabling DNA amplification and quantitative analysis through fluorescence intensity measurement.
3. Thermal Cycler With Heated Lid
Equipped with a heated lid to prevent sample evaporation at high temperatures, thus eliminating the need for mineral oil and streamlining the PCR process.
Other Information on Thermal Cyclers
1. Thermal Cycler Control Programs
Modern thermal cyclers feature user-friendly interfaces for program setup and control, accessible via PC or touchscreen, simplifying the automation of temperature control and timing for sample reactions.
2. Overview of PCR
PCR is a technique for the amplification of specific DNA sequences, involving cycles of heating and cooling to separate DNA strands, bind primers, and synthesize DNA through enzymatic reactions. Thermal cyclers automate this process, enhancing the efficiency and precision of PCR analysis.