What Is a Metal Oxide Varistor?
A metal oxide varistor (MOV) is a critical component in protecting electrical circuits from voltage spikes. It functions by clamping excess voltage and thereby limiting the current flowing through the circuit, preventing potential damage to connected devices.
Constructed from a ceramic mass of zinc oxide grains, sandwiched between two metal plates (electrodes), an MOV remains non-conductive under normal voltage conditions. However, upon experiencing a voltage surge, its resistance dramatically decreases, allowing it to absorb and dissipate the excess energy, thereby safeguarding the circuit components from overvoltage events.
MOVs are widely implemented across both household and industrial settings, offering protection for power systems, communication devices, and various electrical appliances against voltage surges.