投稿者: tama0512

What Is a Uniaxial Crusher?

An uniaxial crusher is a machine that rotates a shaft with multiple blades and crushes the object between the fixed blades.

A screen is placed where the crushed material is discharged, and the material that meets the required particle size conditions is discharged, while the material that does not meet the conditions is returned and crushed again. It is possible to adjust the particle size of the crushed material.

The amount of material that can be processed per unit of time is inferior to that of twin-shaft crushers. Uniaxial crushers are often used for crushing plastics, wood, and paper.

Uses of Uniaxial Crushers

Uniaxial crushers can be used for a variety of objects that need to be reduced to a fine grain size and are primarily used to recycle scrap wood and industrial waste. Examples include flexible container bags, paper, clothing, fishing nets, bedding, and other difficult-to-process materials, wood, tires, film, molded plastic products, automobile bumpers, and bamboo.

In selecting a crusher, it is important to consider the material of the object and the amount of material to be processed. There are crushers for dumplings, which refer to crushers for resin dumplings generated at resin molding plants. They are used for crushing resin dumplings, molded products, films, etc.

Principle of Uniaxial Crushers

Uniaxial crushers consist of a fixed blade, multiple rotating blades on a shaft attached to the main body, a pusher, and a screen. The rotating blades make a rotary motion to shave off the object for fine crushing processing.

In addition, by pressing the object to be crushed against the rotating blades with pushers, more efficient crushing is possible. The pusher uses hydraulic or pneumatic pressure to push the object.

By installing a screen with holes of a certain size at the outlet of the crushed object, only those that meet the requirements can be discharged. The crushing is then repeated until the required size is reached. Screens with a diameter of about 20 to 70 mm are often used.

The size after crushing is determined by the width of the blades and the distance between the hooks with the blades attached, which is convenient for mass processing and coarse crushing.

Other Information About Uniaxial Crushers

1. Advantages of Uniaxial Crushers

Easy Blade Replacement
Uniaxial crushers are divided into a rotating blade and a stationary blade, and the blades can be replaced relatively easily. In addition, the gap between the blades can be adjusted to maintain a throughput similar to that of a new blade.

Long Blade Life
Both fixed and rotary blades are made of special steel carbide blades with excellent wear resistance and toughness, resulting in a long service life. It is advantageous in terms of maintenance cost as it takes longer time to replace the blades.

Uniform Particle Size of Crushed Material Can Be Achieved
The screen makes the particle size of crushed materials uniform. The discharge size can be changed simply by replacing the screen, which reduces the volume of crushed material to the targeted particle size.

Crushing is possible down to a minimum size of 10 mm. One of the advantages of this machine is that it can crush materials from a large size to a predetermined size with a single machine.

Increased Work Efficiency
A pushing device called a pusher makes it possible to crush soft materials that are difficult to bite into, thus increasing work efficiency.

Remote Monitoring Is Possible
The operating conditions of the crusher can be monitored remotely. Settings can be changed to optimal operating conditions, and abnormalities can be identified at an early stage. In the event of an abnormality, the manufacturer is notified, and the situation can be assessed and analyzed for prompt support.

2. Disadvantages of Uniaxial Crushers

• Noise during crushing is loud. (approx. 80 to 100 dB (A))
• The frequency of blade replacement increases the cost of maintenance.
• High-speed rotation makes it vulnerable to hard foreign objects, such as metals.

3. Difference Between Uniaxial Crushers and Biaxial Crushers

There are many types of crushers, including uniaxial crushers, biaxial crushers, wet crushers, hammer crushers, and chain crushers. The differences between uniaxial crushers and biaxial crushers are as follows.

Uniaxial crushers use rotating and fixed blades to shred the object. Since the material is discharged through a screen, the granularity of the crushed material can be kept constant. They are suitable for crushing large objects and soft, difficult-to-process materials.

On the other hand, the biaxial crusher uses two rotating blades to shred objects, as if cutting them with scissors. The crushed material is cut into strips, much like a shredder in an office, and the crushing is coarser than with uniaxial crushers.

The width of the blade and the distance between the hooks with the blade attached determine the size after crushing. Therefore, it is suitable for high-volume processing and coarse crushing. The throughput per hour is higher than that of the uniaxial type.

What Is One-Touch Fitting?

One-touch fittings are fittings that easily connect different parts, such as pipes and tubes, by simply inserting them.

Also referred to as “push-in fittings” for thermoplastic resin tubing. As the name suggests, the fitting can be connected or disconnected with a single operation (one-touch fitting). Usually, the connection part of the fitting consists of a push button or lever, which can be easily connected or disconnected by operating them.

In addition to being quick to connect and disconnect, they can be easily operated manually without the need for tools or specialized knowledge. This is expected to reduce work time and increase productivity. In addition to simply connecting tubes, there are also parts designed for branching, orientation, and extension.

Thread diameters, diameters of tubes that can be connected, and design working pressures vary from product to product. Therefore, it is necessary to select one that matches the conditions of use and the specifications of the equipment to be connected.

Uses of One-Touch Fittings

One-touch fittings are used in a variety of industries and applications. They are generally used in piping, pneumatic equipment, compressed air tubing, etc. The following are examples of uses of one touch fittings.

1. Piping

They may be used to connect pipes and tubes in industrial facilities and construction sites. One touch fittings are used in water supply systems, air conditioning systems, and gas supply systems. They may also be used for connection applications around tanks and pumps.

2. Pneumatic Equipment

Widely used for connection to pneumatic equipment. Pneumatic equipment is equipment that uses air as its power source, and one-touch fittings are convenient for connection.

Typical devices used for connection are air cylinders and air valves. Air cylinders are devices that use compressed air to perform linear motion and are used for supply and exhaust ports for cylinder actuation air.

Air valves are devices that use compressed air to control fluid flow and are used for piping and tubing connections to input and output ports.

3. Agriculture and Horticulture

Used in hydroponics systems. One touch fittings are used to connect water and nutrient solution supply pipes and circulators.

Principle of One-Touch Fittings

One-touch fitting consists of a main body, seal ring, lock mechanism, and release button.

The main body is the part into which air tubes, and other components are inserted. It is made of resin or metal and contains a lock mechanism and a seal ring. When an air tube is inserted, the lock mechanism firmly holds it in place and the seal ring prevents fluid leakage.

To release, push down the release button. When the release button is pressed, the locking mechanism is released and the air tube can be pulled out. Generally, a spring structure is used, and the lock is released only as long as the button is pressed.

One-Touch Fitting Types

One-touch fittings are available in straight, elbow, union, delta union, cross, and other types, depending on the shape.

1. Straight

Fittings are used to connect pipes or tubes in a straight line; they are used when two pipes are to be directly connected. One side is often a tube fitting mechanism and the other side is a male thread.

2. Elbow

Fittings for bending pipes and tubes, used for connections at right angles or 45-degree angles. They enable the directional change or rerouting of piping. Products with the ability to change direction freely after screwing closed are also available.

3. Union

This is a fitting that allows tubes to be connected to each other. The connection part can be easily disassembled, so it is used when periodic replacement or periodic cleaning of the tubes is required. They are also useful for extending tubing.

4. Delta Union

This is a fitting with a T- or Y-shaped branching connection. Sometimes called T- or Y-shaped fittings.

5. Cross

This fitting is for crossing four pipes or tubes. It is called a cross because of its shape. It is used to connect two orthogonal pipelines.

What Is a Slit Nozzle?

Figure 1. What is a slit nozzle?

A slit nozzle is a fluid nozzle with a straight slit.

It is capable of jetting a uniform velocity distribution over the entire slit width. They are used for both gases and liquids.

For gases, they are often used as air blowers or air curtains. For liquids, they can be used for cleaning and cooling with water, as well as coating and surface treatment with chemicals.

As an option, a heater for hot air can be attached to the nozzle’s inlet side for hot air curtains and uniform surface heat treatment.

Uses of Slit Nozzles

Slit nozzles have various applications depending on whether the fluid inside is compressed air or water/coating liquid.

• Drainage (especially rapid drainage of plate workpieces), drying
• Cleaning of glass substrates, liquid crystal materials, etc.
• Cooling of steel plates, castings, etc.
• Humidity control of paper and cardboard
• Removal and cleaning of dust, chips, and foreign matter
• Blocking of outside air, gases, flying mist, and dust (air curtains)
• Development in the Electronics Industry
• Etching, surface treatment
• Uniform chemical coating
• Use as an air knife
• Coating, washing, and draining in the food industry
• Water removal cooling and coating in the painting process
• Dust removal and peeling of plastic film surfaces in the chemical industry

Other areas of application include electrical and electronics, vehicles and transportation, and iron and steel.

Principle of Slit Nozzles

Figure 2. Principle of slit nozzle

Slit nozzles have a large pressure drop in the direction of blowout due to the narrow slit-like holes, so the manifold increases uniformity in the width direction, which results in uniform discharge in the width direction. Instead, especially with pressurized air nozzles, the large pressure loss results in high energy consumption and a large drop in discharge pressure.

When used as a liquid nozzle, this problem can be solved by using a metering pump with sufficient supply pressure. However, in the case of liquid, it is necessary to design the Slit nozzle so that it will not be deformed by the high pressure.

Features of Slit Nozzles

Slit nozzles are designed to ensure uniform flow and velocity distribution of the fluid passing through them.

• Slit Width: Approx. 05 to 1.6 mm
• Slit Length: About 50 to 4000 mm

Both types are available in a wide range of lineups and can be selected according to the size of the target component and its application. There is also a type in which the slit width is not fixed but can be adjusted according to the workpiece and air volume. The fixed type is easier to maintain, but the adjustable type can also be selected depending on the application.

A wide variety of materials are available, including stainless steel, PVC, aluminum, titanium, and PPS resin. Some are designed to be used exclusively with blower air, while others can generate a liquid film if the material is chemically resistant.

Uniform thin film atomization is possible, which helps reduce the cost of chemicals and deionized water. The spray direction can be up, down, or sideways, and if the product size is small, it can also be used in narrow gaps.

How to Choose a Slit Nozzle

Figure 3. Selection of slit nozzle

Slit nozzles are used for a variety of air, gas, water, and chemicals. They are also used for a wide variety of applications, including drying, cooling, cleaning, air curtains, and application. Slit nozzles can be used for multiple applications, but the performance required is different, for example, air pressure rather than uniformity for cleaning applications, and uniformity for application, so it is best to select the slit nozzle that is most optimally designed for that application.

Slit nozzles sold by various companies are designed to some extent in consideration of the intended use, so it is important to confirm the design. For slit nozzles that use pressurized air or gas as the working fluid, specifications such as impact pressure and noise level are listed.

For slit nozzles, the width and length of the slit and the material are the most important basic specifications. Once these are determined, other important points include maintainability, whether the slit width and length need to be adjustable, and ease of installation.

In addition, the shape of the tip of the slit nozzle used for coating may affect whether air entrainment or living phenomenon occurs, so it is recommended to test the most suitable one for the viscosity of the coating liquid.

What Is a Stainless Steel Surface Treatment?

A stainless steel surface treatment is a surface treatment that takes advantage of stainless steel’s property of forming a film called passive film.

Stainless steel is an alloy steel that is composed mainly of iron and contains 11% or more chromium. The passive film of stainless steel does not oxidize, so corrosion inside the metal does not occur.

Rust is described as a stain, and stainless steel is called stainless because it does not rust. Stainless steel is not only rust-resistant but also strong. It is used in various fields by surface treatment.

Uses of Stainless Steel Surface Treatments

Stainless steel is often used for decorative parts where the luster of the metal is to be utilized, because it can maintain its metallic luster without rusting, without covering the surface with paint or coatings. Examples include automobile interior parts and home appliances.

Stainless steel surface treatment is also widely used in kitchen equipment, clean rooms, guide parts for equipment used to convey products in factories, and conveyance chutes and hoppers for food, medical products, and other products where hygiene is important.

Principle of Stainless Steel Surface Treatments

Stainless steel surface treatment that retains its metallic luster is possible because stainless steel forms a passive film that inhibits the formation of rust on its own. Here, we will explain the passive film of stainless steel.

First of all, iron, the main component of stainless steel, rusts when it is oxidized in the atmosphere. As rust progresses, the iron itself breaks down into pieces. However, when iron is mixed with chromium, the chromium oxidizes more than the iron.

The surface of the chromium oxidizes before the iron, forming an oxide film. This is the passive film of stainless steel. Especially when the chromium content exceeds 11%, the steel is almost rust-free.

Even if the surface of stainless steel is scratched, a passive film is formed immediately. As long as the regeneration of the passive film is not disturbed, stainless steel will not rust.

Types of Stainless Steel Surface Treatment

There are various types of surface treatment methods. Commonly used surface treatments include:

1. No. 1 (Number One Material)

Oxide scale on the stainless steel surface has been removed. The surface has no luster and is silvery white.

2. No. 2D Finish

The product is heat-treated, pickling, and finished with a matte finish.

3. No. 2B (2B Material)

No.2D Finished material with a glossy finish. The surface is smooth and has a slight sheen.

4. BA

This is a surface treatment in which bright heat treatment is performed after cold rolling. This treatment is close to a mirror surface.

5.  #400

No.2B is further polished and has a higher luster than No.2B.

6. Hairline Finish

A surface finish, which includes with scratch lines in a vertical pattern. This surface treatment method is often used for building materials.

7.  #700 (No.7)

Finished with a finer polish than #400 finish. Also called semi-mirror finish. It is characterized by the fact that it leaves finer scratches than mirror finish.

8.  #800 (No.8)

A mirror finish. The surface will have a shiny finish without a single scratch.

Other Information on Stainless Steel Surface Treatment

1. Pickling in Stainless Steel Surface Treatment

Pickling is the process of cleaning stainless steel surfaces by immersing them in strong acids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, and is performed to “remove impurities” and “improve corrosion resistance.”

Pickling for the purpose of “removal of impurities” removes burns, black peels, rust, fine scratches, burrs, cutting oil, etc., which are produced during heat treatment, inventory storage, etc., and machining process. This process cleans up the surface condition, and the surface is finished as a base by creating an appropriate unevenness, which improves the quality of the subsequent stainless steel surface treatment.

Pickling for the purpose of “improving corrosion resistance” is to remove the passive film on the stainless steel surface that has already formed, and to form a new, clean one. Passive film is formed on stainless steel as it is, but corrosion resistance is reduced due to destruction of the film by heat treatment, machining, transportation, and storage.

Therefore, acid washing is used to remove the passive film that has degraded corrosion resistance and to re-form a clean passive film on the stainless steel surface.

2. Stainless Steel Surface Treatment for Black Coloring

Stainless steel surface treatment can be blackened by chemical methods such as chromium oxidation, sulfurization, and high-temperature coloring in alkaline solution. Stainless steel surface treatment by black oxidation provides better corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and abrasion resistance than ordinary passivation coatings.

In addition, since reflection can be suppressed, it is used for parts of optical equipment, etc., and as a decoration.

What Is a Joint Nut?

A joint nut is a nut that joins two components together.

They are called by different names depending on their intended use. For example, a joint nut used for height is called a spacer nut. A joint nut used to connect two screws is called a joint nut. There are also joint nuts used in assembled furniture and boxes.

Both are types of joint nuts. The shape of a spacer nut or a joint nut looks like a vertically lengthened hexagonal nut that is often seen.

However, they are not standardized like hexagonal nuts. Nuts used for assembled furniture are T-shaped and consist of a flat head and a threaded shaft part.

Uses of Joint Nuts

Joint nuts are used to combine with appropriately sized screws or to fasten parts together. A specific product is the legs of a vending machine.

Joint nuts are used on the four corners of vending machine legs to create a gap underneath. When used in building materials, the purpose is to adjust the height of lighting and decorative items when they are suspended from the ceiling.

They may also be used within the fine electrical infrastructure inside the control panels of personal computers and various devices. T-shaped joint nuts can also be incorporated into wood to make furniture or boxes that can be assembled.

Principle of Joint Nuts

Joint nuts are machined with female threads at both ends and combined with the male threaded part of a bolt to allow for length and height adjustment. By changing the screwed-in dimensions of the threaded part, it is possible to adjust the height and length to keep the object to be assembled level or to achieve the required position.

It also has the ability to join and combine wood and other materials together.

Types of Joint Nuts

1. Spacer Nut

Figure 1. Structure of spacer nut

This nut acts as a prop to hold printed circuit boards and other components built into the control panels of PCs and various devices at a certain height. Most of them do not have a height adjustment function.

Most of them are relatively small, but some of the longer ones have threaded portions machined only at both ends and do not penetrate. Brass and stainless steel are used as materials.

2. Connecting Nut

Figure 2. Structure of connecting nut

These nuts are used to connect bolts to each other to make them a certain height or length. They come in a variety of sizes. Connecting nuts used as legs are usually thicker to withstand weight.

Also, those used as building materials to suspend lights and ornaments from the ceiling are long and thin. The threaded part is longer, and the height and length can be adjusted by adjusting the tightening depth of the bolt.

3. Joint Nut

Figure 3. Joint nut

This nut is embedded in wood to bolt boards together. It differs from other joint nuts in shape, with a flat head that is larger in diameter.

In addition to providing the dimensions for combining with wood, a groove is machined into the tip that can be turned with a screwdriver or hexagonal wrench. The shaft part is threaded, and a hole is drilled in the wood on the other side to match this part, so the two parts can be assembled with bolts.

What Is a Primer?

Primer is a paint used as a sealer or base coat for painting.

It is used for exterior and interior wall painting and repair at construction sites.

Water-based, oil-based, and various other types exist, so it is important to select one with the appropriate effect for the type of object to be painted.

Uses of Primer

Primer is used when painting exterior and interior wall work. Painting is done in three stages, including “primer,” “middle coat,” and “top coat,” and primer is used in the “primer coat” stage.

Primer coating improves the finish of the top-coated surface, which is the final painted surface, and reinforces the substrate. The major advantage of this method is that it not only provides a beautifully finished product, but also prevents deterioration.

Principle of Primers

The word means “to cover,” “to adhere,” or “to seal.” As the name implies, applying Sheila as a primer coat when painting strengthens adhesion.

In addition, it also has the effect of increasing the strength of the wall surface and delaying deterioration. Sheilas are also available in water-based and oil-based types, each with different benefits and purposes.

Water-based types should be coated with water-based paint, while oil-based types should be coated with oil-based paint.

1. Water-Based Type

The water-based type is used mainly for painting indoor wallpaper and ceilings because of its relatively low odor. A film is formed when the water contained in Sheila evaporates. However, because it is easily soluble in water, it is not suitable for exterior walls, which are susceptible to rain and other external environmental influences.

2. Oil-Based Type

The oil-based type has a strong odor, but has a high permeability and excellent reinforcement effect, so it is mainly used for heavily deteriorated painted surfaces such as exterior walls.

Features of Primers

Depending on the type of primer the following differences also exist. Therefore, it is important to select the best one for your application.

1. Improved Adhesion Between Painted Surface and Paint

Primer acts like an adhesive. Rather than applying the top coating material directly to the wall surface, applying the sealer between the two will allow the sealer and the paint to adhere to each other, preventing deterioration such as peeling of the paint film.

2. Control of Paint Absorption During Painting

If paint is applied directly to a wall surface that has not been coated with paint, the paint will soak in at once and may change color or become uneven. In particular, if the wall surface is scratched, paint can easily penetrate through the scratches.

Applying Sheila first will prevent the paint from being absorbed by the middle and top coats and will result in a cleaner finish.

3. Can Reinforce the Substrate of the Painted Surface

By applying a coat of Sheila to the surface to be painted, the deteriorated substrate can be reinforced. By reinforcing weathered concrete or mortar with Sheila, not only can the paint be applied more beautifully, but it will also provide corrosion and corrosion protection.

Types of Sheila

The type of Sheila to be used depends on the desired effect and the material of the painted surface.

1. Sheila for Burnishing

It is mainly used on interior walls and ceilings. It can be applied over wallpaper that has been soiled by cigarette smoke or rain stains, and it also reduces staining on the paint.

2. Cationic Sealer

Sheila has excellent permeability, adhesion, and economy, and can be used for both exterior and interior walls. The two types, the film-forming type, which produces a thin film, and the penetration type, which penetrates into the substrate, offer a wide range of application possibilities.

The transparent type is effective in reinforcing deteriorated wall surfaces, while the white type fills in minute holes in the wall surface to make it easier for the top coat to adhere. However, it is necessary to note that strong solvent paints cannot be used for the top coat.

3. Sheila for Concrete Reinforcement

It is durable and prevents dust and dust formation. Ideal for use on concrete and mortar.

Other Information About Sheila

Difference From Primer

Primers are used as the same primer, but there are some differences, although they are still effective in improving adhesion.

Primers are mainly used on metal parts and plastics with poor adhesion. In addition to adhesion, primers smooth uneven surfaces and prevent rust.

What Is a Sheet Gasket? 

Sheet gaskets are sheet-shaped components or materials used in equipment, structures, piping, etc., to prevent internal fluids from leaking out.

Although gaskets are used for similar purposes, seat packing is a type of sheet gasket among non-metallic gaskets, and although they are called differently, they are basically the same thing. In general, there are gaskets and packing for sealing purposes, and gaskets are mainly used for “motionless” or “immobile” parts.

Gaskets are mainly used for “motionless” or “immobile” parts, whereas packing is mainly used for “moving” or “movable” parts. In this case, however, seat packing, like gasket, is used for “motionless” or “immobile” parts. 

Uses of Seat Packing (Sheet Gaskets)

Figure 1. Sheet packing for pipe flange

Seat packing is used to maintain airtightness and sealing. Generally, manufacturers’ products are shipped in large sheets, and processors and users cut or drill the sheets to the required dimensions before use.

Principle of Seat Packings

O-rings made of rubber are well-known as gaskets. O-rings are soft, so when they are tightened and pressurized, their shape changes to increase adhesion, eliminate gaps, and suppress leaks. However, since they are made of rubber, they have drawbacks, such as breakage when over-pressurized, lack of durability, and cannot be used at high temperatures. Seat packing compensates for these disadvantages.

In the three sheet packing, the sheet material is crushed by the pressurization, but the adhesive enhances the adhesion and suppresses leakage. Since the adhesive is used instead of deforming the sheet material, the leak prevention effect is sustained. On the other hand, it is disposable and cannot be reused once used.

In addition, adhesive remains at the joints, so the adhesive must be removed cleanly the next time it is used. Another disadvantage is that if the joints are not parallel but slightly tilted, the adhesive will not stick and seal.

The joint sheet has an intermediate role between the O-ring and the three-sheet. Joint sheets seal by changing shape and have high durability, but since they are also in sheet form, they cannot seal if the joint is even slightly tilted. There is a wide variety of sealants available, and they must be selected appropriately for the situation.

Types of Seat Packing

There are two types of seat packing: three-seat packing and joint sheet.

1. Three-Sheet Packing

Figure 2. Three-sheet packing

Three sheet packing is a sheet-type pack manufactured by ThreeBond. This packing is characterized by the fusion of solid packing and liquid packing. A sheet of high-strength fiber material is impregnated with a special viscous material, and when it is sandwiched between joint surfaces and tightened, the viscous material impregnated inside oozes to the surface and fills the minute uneven gaps on the joint surfaces, thereby enhancing sealing performance.

Therefore, leakage can be prevented with low tightening surface pressure. The viscous material impregnated into the fiber material sheet prevents leakage due to permeation by capillary action. The viscosity impregnation makes it highly flexible and provides a good fit on the joint surface.

Unlike general sheet packing and gaskets, the gap between the joint surfaces is reduced, resulting in less leakage of liquid. In particular, it has excellent resistance to oils. Three-Sheet Packing has a little decrease in thickness after being sandwiched between joint surfaces and tightened, so there is less loosening and good tightening can be maintained.

The operating temperature range and tightening surface pressure are as follows, depending on the model number

• Operating temperature range: -40 to 180 °C
• Tightening surface pressure: 2.94 to 65 MPa (30 to 180 kg/cm2)

Three-Sheet packing is available in rolls of 1,000 x 25,000 mm with thicknesses ranging from 0.1 to 1.15 mm. It is cut and processed according to the shape of the flange, etc.

2. Joint Seat Packing

Figure 3. Joint sheet packing

Joint sheet packing is often referred to as joint sheet gasket, but they are basically the same thing. Joint sheet packing is a packing made by adding heat- and oil-resistant rubber as a binder to fiber sheet material, rolling and vulcanizing it, and forming it into a smooth sheet shape.

Asbestos-containing fibers were used in the past, but after the revision of the law, non-asbestos fibers and carbon fibers are now being used. Joint sheet packing is widely used for flanges and machine joint surfaces because of its versatility and processability.

As an example, the operating temperature range and tightening surface pressure are as follows, although they vary depending on the manufacturer, model number, fluid used, etc.

• Operating temperature range: -50 to 200 °C
• Tightening surface pressure: 20.0 to 0 MPa (204 to 408 kg/cm2)

Joint sheet packing dimensions range from 0.41 to 3.0 mm in thickness and come in large sheets in sizes from 1,270 x 1,270 mm to 3,048 x 3,810 mm. They are cut and processed according to the flange shape and other specifications.

What Is a Silicon Defoamer?

Silicon defoamers are defoamers with excellent defoam curing properties due to their extremely low surface tension and insolubility in other substances.

The main component is polysiloxane, which is insoluble or insoluble in all substances and solvents, and has low interfacial tension with water, so it functions as a good defoaming agent in very small amounts in both aqueous and non-aqueous systems.

Uses of Silicon Defoamers

Silicon defoamers are used in a variety of fields. Specifically, it de-foams foam generated in all industrial fields, including chemical, petroleum, fermentation, printing, paper manufacturing, textile, and wastewater treatment. It is also used as a food additive because it is tasteless, odorless, and extremely low in toxicity.

In addition to being highly effective in defoaming in small quantities, it maintains its liquid state over a wide range of temperatures, and its physical properties do not change significantly except for viscosity. As a result, it has excellent heat and weather resistance and can be used under harsh conditions. It is also chemically and physiologically inert, tasteless, and odorless.

Principle of Silicon Defoamers

Bubbles in a liquid exist when the gas mixed in the liquid is covered by a thin liquid film. This film is formed by the surfactant in the liquid. In other words, the gas is wrapped in a film of surfactant. In other words, on the surface of the foam (the liquid layer called lamella), the hydrophobic groups of the surfactant are on the air side and the hydrophilic groups of the surfactant are on the water side, surrounding the gas in a stable structure.

Silicon defoamers disrupt the molecular order of the surfactant to achieve their anti-foam curing properties. The viscosity of the foam surface is due to the pseudo-bridging structure between surfactant adsorbents. The surface tension of the silicon defoamer is so small that when it adheres to the foam surface, it draws in the interfacial adsorbent substances on the foam surface, breaking the pseudo-bridging structure on the foam surface and separating the foam, thereby significantly lowering the surface tension of the foam and demonstrating its defoaming effect.

Surfactants also have a phenomenon called the Marangoni effect, which occurs when a bias in surface adsorption density creates a gradient in surface tension, causing surfactants to move back into thin areas. This phenomenon maintains the elasticity of the surfactant layer and allows the foam to exist stably. However, in the presence of silicon defoamer, the surfactant layer is replaced by silicon with low intermolecular forces, and the foam surface loses its elasticity, leading to defoaming.

The phenomenon in which small bubbles with high internal pressure in a foam are continuously absorbed by larger bubbles with low internal pressure is called gas diffusion. When surfactant is present, the gas diffusion rate in the lamella layer decreases and the foam is in a stable state. However, if a portion of the surfactant layer on the foam surface is replaced by silicon defoamer, silicon can promote gas diffusion and defoaming due to its high gas permeability.

Types of Silicon Defoamers

Silicon defoamers include “oil type,” “oil compound type,” “self-emulsifying type,” “emulsion type,” “solution type,” “solid type,” and “powder type,” and are used according to the target to be de-foamed.

1. Oil-Based Silicon Defoamer

Oil-based silicon defoamer is a solvent- and additive-free defoamer. Because it is non-silica, it can be used in oil-based foaming fluids that are not suitable for mixing with water or solvents.

They are inexpensive, fast-acting, and heat resistant. However, the oily component is strong enough to cause oil to float. Therefore, it may cause problems when used for drainage into rivers, etc., and must be handled with care.

2. Oil-Compound Silicon Defoamer

Oil-compound silicon defoamer is made of silicone oil with powdered silica powder, and is made of silicone resin only, so it exhibits the inherent properties of silicone. It is effective for both oil-based and water-based foaming solutions. Since no emulsifier is added, it cannot be used as-is in water-based foaming solutions.

3. Self-Emulsifying Silicon Defoamer

Self-emulsifying silicon defoamers are effective in both acidic and alkaline applications. They are also highly persistent and can be used in a wide range of applications. The disadvantage is that they are more expensive than other defoamers.

4. Emulsion-Type Silicon Defoamer

Emulsion-type silicon defoamers are general-purpose defoamers for water-based foaming solutions. They are easy to handle, safe, and available in many varieties. Therefore, they are used for food additives and wastewater treatment.

Disadvantages include limited storage conditions. Weaknesses include low resistance to high-temperature foaming solution, alkali resistance, and acid resistance.

5. Solution-Type Silicon Defoamer

Solution-type silicon defoamers are made by dissolving silicone fluid in a solvent, which allows the addition of various functionalities depending on the solvent. They are mainly used for defoaming oil-based foaming solutions. Although they are highly effective for oil-based foams, they are less effective for water-based foams.

6. Solid and Powdered Silicon Defoamers

Solid and powder silicon defoamers are manufactured by adsorbing silicone fluid onto a highly oil-absorbent powder or solid. They have good storage stability, easy handling, and workability. They are also effective in dispersing well in aqueous foam solutions, but are difficult to use in non-aqueous foam solutions.

What Is a Silicone Coating Agent?

Silicone coating agents are coatings that contain polymers of organosilicon compounds, such as dimethylsiloxane.

Well-known examples are coatings applied over vehicle paint and coatings for residential flooring. Both of these are silicone coating agents and contain organosilicon polymers, but the method of application and the thickness of the coat layer after it is applied are quite different.

The automotive coating is sprayed onto the vehicle body and then spread thinly and wiped off to form a very thin film on the painted surface. In contrast, the coating method for flooring coatings is the same as that for paints, where a thick coating is formed and then allowed to dry naturally.

Uses of Silicone Coating Agents

Silicone coating agents have two main uses:

1. Coatings for Vehicles

In addition to silicone coating agents, glass-based coating agents also exist as coating agents for vehicles. The purpose of both glass- and silicone-based coatings is to protect and polish the painted surfaces of vehicles, but silicone-based coatings require no skill to apply and are relatively easy for anyone to apply.

Silicone coating agents, which can be easily obtained at car accessory stores, are sprayed onto the body of the car, making the coating process very easy. Glass coatings, on the other hand, are designed for professionals.

In terms of performance, silicone coating agents are superior to glass coating agents in terms of gloss after coating, but inferior to glass coating agents in terms of durability.

2. Coating Agent for Flooring

Silicone coating agents for residential use can be an overwhelmingly glossy, grippy, and cost-effective material when compared to other floor coating agents, such as UV coat, glass coat, and urethane coat. However, the disadvantage is that their durability is inferior to UV coatings and glass coatings.

Silicone coating agents for flooring have an approximate service life of 10 years, depending on the product.

Features of Silicone Coating Agents

The silicone molecule has a siloxane (-Si-O-) structure consisting of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) bonded together, with Si having four covalent bonds, so that each Si molecule has two alkyl groups such as methyl groups (-CH3) in addition to two O bonds. A glass is a three-dimensional bonding of Si and O alone.

The siloxane backbone of silicon and oxygen has higher bonding energy than the carbon-carbon bonds that are the main backbone of other polymers, so silicone coatings are more heat resistant than other resin coatings. The coating provides a glossy finish as fine scratches are filled in by the coating agent.

In addition, silicone, like fluorine compounds, is highly water-repellent, and coating the surface of the coated object increases its water repellency, keeps water out, and prevents stains. After a rainfall, for example, a vehicle with a silicone coating will repel water, and no moisture will remain after a rainfall.

Other Information on Silicone Coating Agents

Disadvantages of Silicone Coating Agents

One of the characteristics of silicone coatings is that they produce a sheen, but they are not recommended for those who do not like this sheen. Recently, more and more people are looking for a coating that gives the taste of the material itself rather than an unnatural gloss.

Also, silicone coatings with a high gloss will stand out even with a few scratches. If you are concerned about this, you need to take good care of the coated surface by applying the coating more frequently.

Silicone coating for flooring has a thick film that is difficult for a release agent to penetrate and remove. Another disadvantage is that it is difficult to repair in case of failure.

What Is Shutter Oil?

Shutter oil is oil used for the sliding parts of shutters.

It lightens the lifting and lowering of shutters and reduces noise. It is used for maintenance of both manual and electric shutters.

Shutter oil comes in spray types (silicone spray, grease spray), greases, and lubricants. Silicone spray prevents rusting by creating a film and is very effective in reducing noise when raising and lowering shutters.

Lubricating oil and grease can be used in small quantities, but care must be taken to avoid dust adhesion.

Uses of Shutter Oil

Shutter oil is sprayed on the sliding parts of shutters to improve the sliding of shutters in houses, stores, workshops, factories, etc. In particular, it is effective when sprayed on the sliding parts between rails and slats, and between slats and slats. It is especially effective when sprayed on the sliding parts between rails and slats, and between slats and slats.

Oil sprays are used to remove rust from metal, clean, and remove sticking of parts such as screws. Grease is used for moving parts of shutters because it is highly effective in lubricating oil for a long time.

Silicon oil has excellent heat and cold resistance and creates a silicon film on the surface of the material to improve sliding. Its advantage is that dust and other contaminants do not adhere to it.

Characteristics of Shutter Oil

Shutters are often maintained by cleaning rust with an oil spray, followed by a silicone spray to create a film.

1. Silicon Spray

Silicon spray creates a film on the surface and has a smoothing action, and can be used on rubber, plastic, wood, and paper other than metal, but has no metal-cleaning ability. There are two types of silicone oil: straight silicone oil and modified silicone oil.

Straight Silicone Oil
Straight silicone oil has excellent heat and cold resistance, and its viscosity does not vary with temperature changes. Because of its film effect, it has water repellency and also prevents other substances from sticking to it. There are a variety of types, ranging from watery to fudge-like.

Denatured Oil
Modified silicone oil is an improved version of straight silicone oil. Specifically, the compatibility with organic substances and solubility with water is improved. This oil is used in cosmetics and as a water repellent.

2. Non-Silicone Oil

Oil sprays (lubricants) are suited for rust removal and other cleaning applications because of their high penetration into metals. Oil has a high degree of penetration into objects and can cause stains when used on wood, so it can basically only be used on metal.

Grease sprays are sticky and suitable for long-term lubrication. Oil sprays are hard to dry and sticky, and if left unattended can cause dust buildup, so care must be taken to wipe them off well.

Other Information About Shutter Oil

1. How to Use Shutter Oil

After cleaning each part of the shutter of any debris, all that is necessary before use is to shake the can of shutter oil well. Next, ensure it is sprayed it on each sliding part. In this case, when spraying in inaccessible or narrow areas, attach the attached tube to the outlet.

Since many shutter oil cans are made of high-pressure gas such as LPG, care should be taken to avoid fire. Use near flames or fire is strictly prohibited.

2. Precautions When Using Shutter Oil

Not for Inhalation or Drinking
It is harmful to the human body and should not be consumed. Keep out of reach of children.

Storage Method
It should not be placed inside an automobile as it may be damaged. Also, avoid storing the product in direct sunlight, in places where the temperature rises above 40°C, in places where rust is likely to occur, or in humid places.

Disposal Method
When disposing of shutter oil cans, the contents must be used up, and the gas must be completely drained out of the can by pressing the button outside where there is no fire, and then the can must be disposed of according to the disposal method of each local government.

3. Application of Shutter Oil

Shutter oil is also used for other applications. In particular, silicone spray is useful for sashes that have become squeaky, stuck, or slippery, curtain rails that have become slippery, and chest of drawers that have become stuck.

Silicone spray is also useful as an all-purpose lubricant to improve the movement of scissors that have lost their sharpness, chair casters that have become stuck, and so on. Furthermore, it has excellent water repellency and is used for water repellency treatment of various items, such as textiles, metals, and glass.