What Is a Spring Washer?
A spring washer is a washer designed to prevent the loosening of bolts or screws through its spring action.
The simplest form, known as a coil spring washer, is created by cutting a metal ring at one point, bending the end upwards, forming a single-layered, spring-like device. It is typically used in conjunction with a flat washer under the head of a bolt for joining components.
When using a spring washer, it is threaded onto the bolt first, followed by a flat washer. The bolt then passes through the components being joined and is secured on the other side with a flat washer and nut. The spring washer exerts continuous force, ensuring the bolt and nut remain tightly fastened.
Spring washers come in various designs, such as coil and wave spring washers, each providing enhanced anti-loosening effects.
Uses of Spring Washers
Spring washers are crucial in fastening applications, stabilizing connections between components and preventing bolt and nut loosening. They are used in machinery, engines, automotive suspensions, and the interiors of household appliances and electronic devices. Some types are also designed to improve electrical contact or absorb vibrations and impacts.
Principles of Spring Washers
Spring washers work by applying opposite force to the bolt or screw head, thereby increasing friction between the bolt and nut threads, preventing loosening. This principle also applies when used with screws, enhancing friction between the screw threads and the threads of the joined component’s hole.
Types of Spring Washers
Selection of spring washers depends on the intended application, target use, and operating environment.
1. Coil Spring Washer
A coil spring washer, resembling a conical shape, is coiled into one or more turns. As a compression spring washer, it generates rebound force when compressed by a tightened bolt, preventing loosening.
2. Wave Washer
A wave washer, or wave spring washer, is a flat circular ring that distorts under external force, generating a counterforce against the bolt’s threads. It is used for lighter tightening applications, offering anti-loosening and anti-rattling benefits.
3. Titanox
Titanox is a high-performance washer that prevents both reverse rotation loosening and loosening due to material contraction. It features a tapered magic ring for preventing reverse rotation and a circular plate spring to maintain force against material contraction. Titanox is particularly effective in wooden structures, mitigating loosening over time.